Zaja Rebecca H, Rojahn Johannes
George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA.
Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2008 Sep;21(5):441-4. doi: 10.1097/YCO.0b013e328305e5fd.
Interpreting facial emotion is a requisite skill that enables us to navigate our social environment. Autism spectrum disorder is characterized by shortcomings in socio-cognitive abilities in general, and in emotion recognition in particular, and much has been written on this subject. Less research, however, has been conducted on individuals with intellectual disabilities. This review discusses recent emotion recognition research in this population.
Facial emotion recognition research in individuals with intellectual disabilities can be divided into two broad categories: studies on the causes of emotion recognition deficits (i.e. primary deficits or secondary phenomena) and studies on the effects of emotion recognition deficits (behavioral implications). Recent research on causes has not yet produced definitive conclusions and current research on specific effects has been limited to aggression and self-reported anger.
Some evidence exists that individuals with intellectual disability of heterogeneous etiology (excluding autism) have facial affect recognition deficits that cannot be fully accounted for by cognitive-intellectual abilities. In addition, cognitive processing strategies and genetic syndrome-specific differences in facial affect recognition have been discovered but further research is needed. We found no evidence that emotion recognition deficits contribute to the emergence of later antisocial behavior.
解读面部表情是一项必备技能，它能帮助我们融入社会环境。自闭症谱系障碍总体上表现为社会认知能力缺陷，尤其是在情绪识别方面，关于这一主题已有诸多著述。然而，针对智力障碍个体的研究较少。本综述讨论了该人群中近期的情绪识别研究。
智力障碍个体的面部情绪识别研究可大致分为两大类：关于情绪识别缺陷原因的研究（即原发性缺陷或继发性现象）以及关于情绪识别缺陷影响的研究（行为影响）。近期关于原因的研究尚未得出明确结论，目前关于具体影响的研究仅限于攻击行为和自我报告的愤怒情绪。
有证据表明，病因各异（不包括自闭症）的智力障碍个体存在面部表情识别缺陷，而认知智力能力无法完全解释这些缺陷。此外，已发现面部表情识别中的认知加工策略和特定基因综合征差异，但仍需进一步研究。我们没有发现证据表明情绪识别缺陷会导致后期反社会行为的出现。
