Betlejewski Stanisław, Betlejewski Andrzej
Katedra Zdrowia Publicznego Collegium Medicum im. L. Rydygiera w Bydgoszczy, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika W Toruniu.
Otolaryngol Pol. 2008;62(3):321-5. doi: 10.1016/S0030-6657(08)70263-4.
The ability of the human nose to warm and humidify the respiratory air is important to maintaining the internal environment of the lungs, since ambient air is conditioned to nearly alveolar conditions (body temperature and fully saturated with water vapour) upon reaching the nasopharynx. Because of very short time of the inspiratory phase duration, as well as expiratory phase, only the rich vascularization of the nasal mucosa and specific organization of the submucosal vessels are not able to assure such effective physiological activity. Therefore the type of airflow during the respiration is essential to understanding the functional possibilities of the nasal mucosa. Most studies have investigated the airflow only in steady-flow conditions, where the laminar flow was observed. Anatomically accurate physical models of real nasal cavities and particle image velocimetry allow evaluation of the entire flow field in the nasal cavity. In these investigations a partially turbulent flow was observed even at low air velocities in most part of the nasal cavity. From a physiological perspective, a turbulent flow would seem sensible, since it enhances contact between air and the mucosal layer. By doing so, the nasal physiological functions - humidification, cleaning and warming are optimized.
人类鼻子对呼吸道空气进行加热和加湿的能力对于维持肺部的内部环境很重要，因为外界空气在到达鼻咽部时会被调节到接近肺泡的状态（体温且完全被水蒸气饱和）。由于吸气阶段和呼气阶段的持续时间都非常短，仅靠鼻黏膜丰富的血管化以及黏膜下血管的特殊结构并不能确保如此有效的生理活动。因此，呼吸过程中的气流类型对于理解鼻黏膜的功能可能性至关重要。大多数研究仅在稳定流条件下研究气流，在这种条件下观察到的是层流。真实鼻腔的解剖学精确物理模型和粒子图像测速技术能够评估鼻腔内的整个流场。在这些研究中，即使在鼻腔大部分区域空气流速较低的情况下，也观察到了部分湍流。从生理学角度来看，湍流似乎是合理的，因为它增强了空气与黏膜层之间的接触。通过这样做，鼻腔的生理功能——加湿、清洁和加热得以优化。
