Oliet Stéphane H R, Panatier Aude, Piet Richard, Mothet Jean-Pierre, Poulain Dominique A, Theodosis Dionysia T
Neuroscience Research Center, Inserm U862, Bordeaux, France; Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France.
Prog Brain Res. 2008;170:109-17. doi: 10.1016/S0079-6123(08)00410-X.
The adult hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system undergoes a striking activity-dependent morphological remodelling that modifies the glial enwrapping of its magnocellular neurons. Although the functional consequences of such remodelling remain hypothetical, recent evidence has provided new insights into the repercussions of glial environment modifications on the physiology of magnocellular neurosecretory cells at the synaptic level. These studies have revealed that the reduced astrocytic coverage of magnocellular neurons occurring in the SON affects various functions in which astrocytes play key roles. These functions include uptake of neurotransmitters such as glutamate, restricting diffusion of neuroactive substances within the extracellular space and release of informative molecules known as gliotransmitters that act on neighbouring neurons to modulate synaptic transmission and excitability. Overall, our observations indicate that the neuron-glial anatomical reorganization leads to modifications of glutamatergic transmission that might be important for the physiology of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system.
成年下丘脑 - 神经垂体系统经历了显著的活动依赖性形态重塑，这种重塑改变了其大细胞神经元的神经胶质包裹。尽管这种重塑的功能后果仍属假设，但最近的证据为神经胶质环境改变对突触水平上大细胞神经分泌细胞生理学的影响提供了新的见解。这些研究表明，视上核中发生的大细胞神经元星形胶质细胞覆盖减少会影响星形胶质细胞发挥关键作用的各种功能。这些功能包括摄取谷氨酸等神经递质、限制神经活性物质在细胞外空间的扩散以及释放称为神经胶质递质的信息分子，这些分子作用于邻近神经元以调节突触传递和兴奋性。总体而言，我们的观察结果表明，神经元 - 神经胶质的解剖重组导致谷氨酸能传递的改变，这可能对下丘脑 - 神经垂体系统的生理学很重要。
