Blanch Danielle C, Hall Judith A, Roter Debra L, Frankel Richard M
Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Patient Educ Couns. 2008 Sep;72(3):374-81. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2008.05.021. Epub 2008 Jul 24.
To review the literature on gender differences and issues of self-confidence in medical students and to present original research on observers' perceptions of medical student confidence.
One hundred forty-one 3rd year medical students at Indiana University School of Medicine were videotaped during their objective structured clinical examination (OSCE). Trained coders rated how confident the student appeared and coded a variety of nonverbal behaviors at the beginning, middle, and end of the interaction. Analysis focused on gender differences in coders' ratings of perceived confidence.
Female medical students were viewed as significantly less confident than male medical students (F(1,133)=4.45, p<0.05), especially at the beginning of the interaction.
Past research indicates that despite performing equally to their male peers, female medical students consistently report decreased self-confidence and increased anxiety, particularly over issues related to their competence. In a standardized patient interaction examination situation, female medical students also appeared significantly less confident than male medical students to independent observers.
Medical educators should focus on issues of female students' confidence, increasing faculty sensitivity, and publicly recognizing and discussing perceptions of confidence.
回顾关于医学生性别差异和自信心问题的文献，并展示关于观察者对医学生自信心看法的原创研究。
印第安纳大学医学院的141名三年级医学生在客观结构化临床考试（OSCE）期间被录像。训练有素的编码员对学生表现出的自信程度进行评分，并在互动开始、中间和结束时对各种非语言行为进行编码。分析重点在于编码员对感知到的自信评分中的性别差异。
女医学生被认为比男医学生明显缺乏自信（F(1,133)=4.45，p<0.05），尤其是在互动开始时。
过去的研究表明，尽管女医学生的表现与男同学相当，但她们一直报告自信心下降和焦虑增加，尤其是在与自身能力相关的问题上。在标准化患者互动考试情境中，女医学生在独立观察者眼中也明显比男医学生缺乏自信。
医学教育工作者应关注女学生的自信心问题，提高教师的敏感度，并公开承认和讨论对自信心的看法。
