Characterization of Ccw7p cell wall proteins and the encoding genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae wine yeast strains: relevance for flor formation.

The specific flavour of Sherry-type wines requires aromatic compounds produced as by-products of the oxidative metabolism of yeasts that are able to form a biofilm (flor) at the wine surface. A similar yeast pellicle develops on the surface of 'Tokaji Szamorodni', one of the traditional Hungarian botrytized wines, during maturation. In this work, patterns of biotinylated cell wall proteins extracted from film-forming and nonfilm-forming Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains were compared. It was found that all the tested 23 film-forming 'Szamorodni' yeast strains had a decreased size of the Ccw7/Hsp150 protein, one of the members of the Pir-protein family. Sequencing of the encoding genes revealed that the strains were lacking three out of the 11 repeating sequences characteristic to this protein family. One of the film-forming strains contained CCW7 alleles of different length, which was generated by intragenic tandem duplication of a sequence containing two repetitive domains. Unlike the film-forming strains, 16 nonfilm-forming wine yeasts isolated from a different botrytized wine, 'Tokaji Aszu', showed pronounced polymorphism of the CCW7 locus. It is highly probable that the modified Ccw7 protein does not contribute to the increased hydrophobicity of film-forming strains but it may influence molecular reorganization of the cell wall during stress adaptation.