Münnich Juliane, Gäbel Gotthold, Pfannkuche Helga
Institute of Veterinary-Physiology, Leipzig University, An den Tierkliniken 7, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
J Anat. 2008 Oct;213(4):442-51. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.00959.x. Epub 2008 Jul 24.
According to their feeding habits, ruminants can be classified as grazers, concentrate selectors and those of intermediate type. The different feeding types are reflected in distinct anatomical properties of the forestomachs. The present study was designed to investigate whether the intrinsic innervation patterns of the rumen (the main part of the forestomach) differ between intermediate types and grazers. Myenteric plexus preparations from the rumen of goats (intermediate type), fallow deer (intermediate type), cattle (grazer) and sheep (grazer) were analysed by immunohistochemical detection of the following antigens: Hu-protein (HuC/D), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), substance P (SP), calbindin (CALB) and somatostatin (SOM). Myenteric ganglia of cattle contained 73 +/- 6 neurons per ganglion, whereas the ganglia of sheep were significantly smaller (45 +/- 18 neurons per ganglion). The ganglion density of the myenteric plexus was highest in fallow deer (15 +/- 3 ganglia per cm(2)) and lowest in cattle (6 +/- 1 ganglia per cm(2)). All myenteric neurons were either ChAT or NOS positive. The proportion of NOS-positive neurons was significantly lower in sheep (29.5 +/- 8.2% of all neurons) than in goats (44.2 +/- 9.8%). In all species, additional analysis of the different neuropeptides revealed the following subpopulations in descending order of percentile appearance: ChAT/SP > NOS/VIP/NPY > ChAT/- > NOS/NPY. Expression of CALB was detected in a minority of the ChAT-positive neurons in all species. Somatostatin immunoreactive somata were found only in preparations obtained from fallow deer and sheep. These data suggest that the rumen of grazers is under stronger cholinergic control than the rumen of species belonging to the intermediate type, although most subpopulations of neurons are present in all species. However, whether the strong mixing patterns of low quality roughage during digestion are enabled by the prominent excitatory input of the rumen of grazers requires elucidation in further studies.
根据反刍动物的采食习性，可将其分为食草动物、精料选择型动物和中间型动物。不同的采食类型反映在前胃不同的解剖学特性上。本研究旨在调查中间型动物和食草动物瘤胃（前胃的主要部分）的内在神经支配模式是否存在差异。通过免疫组织化学检测以下抗原，对山羊（中间型）、黇鹿（中间型）、牛（食草动物）和绵羊（食草动物）瘤胃的肠肌丛标本进行了分析：Hu蛋白（HuC/D）、胆碱乙酰转移酶（ChAT）、一氧化氮合酶（NOS）、血管活性肠肽（VIP）、神经肽Y（NPY）、P物质（SP）、钙结合蛋白（CALB）和生长抑素（SOM）。牛的肠肌神经节每个神经节含有73±6个神经元，而绵羊的神经节明显较小（每个神经节45±18个神经元）。肠肌丛的神经节密度在黇鹿中最高（每平方厘米15±3个神经节），在牛中最低（每平方厘米6±1个神经节）。所有肠肌神经元要么ChAT阳性，要么NOS阳性。绵羊中NOS阳性神经元的比例（占所有神经元的29.5±8.2%）显著低于山羊（44.2±9.8%）。在所有物种中，对不同神经肽的进一步分析揭示了以下按百分比出现顺序递减的亚群：ChAT/SP > NOS/VIP/NPY > ChAT/- > NOS/NPY。在所有物种中，仅在少数ChAT阳性神经元中检测到CALB的表达。仅在从黇鹿和绵羊获得的标本中发现了生长抑素免疫反应性胞体。这些数据表明，与中间型物种的瘤胃相比，食草动物的瘤胃受胆碱能控制更强，尽管所有物种中都存在大多数神经元亚群。然而，食草动物瘤胃突出的兴奋性输入是否使得低质量粗饲料在消化过程中具有强烈的混合模式，这需要在进一步的研究中阐明。
