Lois N, Abdelkader E, Reglitz K, Garden C, Ayres J G
Ophthalmology Department, Grampian University Hospitals-NHS Trust, Aberdeen, UK.
Br J Ophthalmol. 2008 Oct;92(10):1304-10. doi: 10.1136/bjo.2008.141168. Epub 2008 Jul 25.
To undertake a systematic review of the literature on the effect of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and eye disease.
Medline (1950-January Week 2 2007), EMBASE (1980 to 2007 Week 07), SCOPUS and Science Direct were searched on ETS exposure and eye disease using various combinations of the following terms: passive smoking, environmental tobacco smoke, sidestream smoke, involuntary smoking, secondhand smoke; with eye, conjunctiva, sclera, episclera, cornea, lens, iris, retina, choroid, uvea, optic nerve, uveitis, iritis, blindness, visual loss, cataract, thyroid eye disease, conjunctivitis, age-related macular degeneration, dry eye, tears. The above terms were also used to search abstracts published on The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology Annual Meeting abstracts, from 1995 to 2006, and the grey literature, including PhD and MSc theses/dissertations. A search was further conducted specifically on eye diseases where active smoking has been proposed to be a risk factor, including age-related macular degeneration, Graves ophthalmology, glaucoma, uveitis, refractive errors, strabismus, tobacco-alcohol amblyopia, non-arteritic ischaemic optic neuropathy, Leber optic neuropathy and diabetic retinopathy. Given the scarce number of studies found through the above search, all articles found on ETS and eye disease were included in this review.
Seven studies evaluated the possible relationship between ETS and an eye disease. These studies referred to refractive errors in children (n = 2), cataract (n = 1), age-related macular degeneration (n = 3) and Grave ophthalmopathy (n = 1). The data available were insufficient to establish conclusive relationships between ETS and these eye diseases.
Very scarce data exist in the literature on the effect of ETS on diseases of the eye. It seems appropriate that ETS should be included in future studies addressing the effect of smoking on eye disease.
对有关环境烟草烟雾（ETS）与眼病关系的文献进行系统综述。
利用以下术语的各种组合，在Medline（1950年至2007年1月第2周）、EMBASE（1980年至2007年第07周）、SCOPUS和Science Direct数据库中检索有关ETS暴露与眼病的文献：被动吸烟、环境烟草烟雾、侧流烟雾、非自愿吸烟、二手烟；以及眼睛、结膜、巩膜、表层巩膜、角膜、晶状体、虹膜、视网膜、脉络膜、葡萄膜、视神经、葡萄膜炎、虹膜炎、失明、视力丧失、白内障、甲状腺眼病、结膜炎、年龄相关性黄斑变性、干眼症、泪液。上述术语还用于检索1995年至2006年在视觉与眼科学研究协会年会上发表的摘要以及灰色文献，包括博士和硕士论文。还专门针对已提出主动吸烟为危险因素的眼病进行了检索，包括年龄相关性黄斑变性、格雷夫斯眼病、青光眼、葡萄膜炎、屈光不正、斜视、烟酒性弱视、非动脉炎性缺血性视神经病变、莱伯视神经病变和糖尿病视网膜病变。鉴于通过上述检索发现的研究数量稀少，所有关于ETS与眼病的文章均纳入本综述。
七项研究评估了ETS与眼病之间的可能关系。这些研究涉及儿童屈光不正（n = 2）、白内障（n = 1）、年龄相关性黄斑变性（n = 3）和格雷夫斯眼病（n = 1）。现有数据不足以确定ETS与这些眼病之间的确切关系。
关于ETS对眼病影响的文献数据非常稀少。在未来研究吸烟对眼病的影响时纳入ETS似乎是合适的。
