Pathological studies on chlamydiosis in parakeets (Psittacula krameri manillensis).

Histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural findings are described in 20 parakeets (Psittacula krameri ntanillensis) affected with chlamydiosis. The main histological lesions consisted of focal necrosis in the liver and adrenal gland, lymphocytic depletion with fibrin exudation in the splenic sinuses and follicles and fibrinopurulent airsacculitis. In these lesions basophilic chlamydial inclusion bodies were found. Macrophages and plasma cells increased mainly in the liver and spleen. Immunohistochemically. more chlamydial inclusion bodies were observed in cells of various organs and tissues including epithelial cells, capillary endothelium and proliferated macrophages. With an electron microscope, the chlamydial inclusion bodies were shown to consist of chlamydial organisms in developmental stages. Concurrent lesions of pulmonary herpesvirus infection appeared frequently in the present cases and seemed to have a close relationship with the chlamydiosis onset.