Malerba Mario, Ragnoli Beatrice
University of Brescia, Department of Internal Medicine, 1 degrees Divisione di Medicina, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Pzza Spedali Civili 1, 25100 Brescia, Italy.
Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2008 Aug;4(8):1119-29. doi: 10.1517/17425255.4.8.1119.
Belonging to the group of expectorants, ambroxol is an active substance with a long history that influences parameters considered to be the basis for the physiological production and the transport of the bronchial mucus. Therefore, ambroxol's indication is 'secretolytic therapy in acute and chronic bronchopulmonary diseases associated with abnormal mucus secretion and impaired mucus transport'.
The aim of this review is to evaluate the pharmacological and clinical data on the mucokinetic compound ambroxol.
The existing database that covers >40 years of pharmacological research and clinical development was analysed. Only studies with adequate study design were evaluated.
Ambroxol is shown to exert several activities: i) secretolytic activity (i.e., promotes mucus clearance, facilitates expectoration, and eases productive cough); ii) anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity; and iii) a local anaesthetic effect through sodium channel blocking at the level of the cell membrane. The reduction on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations is consistent and clinically relevant. The anaesthetic effect is a new pharmacological action that could be beneficial in the management of acute respiratory tract infections. The efficacy and safety of ambroxol is well established.
氨溴索属于祛痰剂类药物，是一种历史悠久的活性物质，它会影响被认为是支气管黏液生理产生和运输基础的参数。因此，氨溴索的适应证为“用于伴有异常黏液分泌和黏液运输障碍的急慢性支气管肺部疾病的黏液溶解治疗”。
本综述旨在评估黏液促动化合物氨溴索的药理学和临床数据。
分析了涵盖40多年药理学研究和临床开发的现有数据库。仅对具有充分研究设计的研究进行评估。
氨溴索具有多种作用：i）黏液溶解活性（即促进黏液清除、咳痰和缓解湿性咳嗽）；ii）抗炎和抗氧化活性；iii）通过在细胞膜水平阻断钠通道产生局部麻醉作用。对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重的减少作用是持续且具有临床意义的。麻醉作用是一种新的药理作用，可能对急性呼吸道感染的治疗有益。氨溴索的疗效和安全性已得到充分确立。
