[Impact of preoperative clopidogrel in coronary artery bypass grafting].

OBJECTIVE

To analyze and assess the impact of clopidogrel given preoperatively in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery.

METHODS

From January 2005 to January 2007, 440 consecutive patients undergoing CABG surgery were divided into two groups: the clopidogrel group (with clopidogrel exposure in 5 days prior to surgery, n = 90) and the control group (without clopidogrel exposure > 5 days prior to surgery, n = 350). Patients undergoing emergency surgery because of failed percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and cardiogenic shock, associated valvular surgery, redo-CABG were excluded. Patients who received aspirin and/or heparin treatment before surgery were included.

RESULTS

There was no significant difference in two groups regarding age, gender,diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Compared to the control group, patients in clopidogrel group had a higher prevalence of angina class III or IV (66.7% vs. 40.0%, P < 0.01), received more often revascularization within 48 h (41.1% vs. 14.3%, P = 0.02), and had received more frequently stenting (56.7% vs. 13.4%, P < 0.01). Chest tube drainage was significantly increased during the first 24 h following CABG in the clopidogrel group (800 ml vs. 350 ml, P < 0.01). Patients of the clopidogrel group also required more transfusion of packed red blood cells and fresh frozen plasma. Overall re-exploration rate because of bleeding was remarkably higher in the clopidogrel group (4.4% vs. 1.1%, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS

Clopidogrel exposure in 5 days or less prior to CABG surgery significantly increases the risk of postoperative bleeding, the need for perioperative transfusion and the incidence of re-exploration. For the elective CABG patient, we suggest that the surgery should to be performed 5 days or more after clopidogrel exposure.