Elevated plasma platelet-derived growth factor B-chain levels in cancer patients.

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is produced by a variety of normal and tumor cells in vitro. We have developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of the B-chain of PDGF. This assay can reliably detect 0.1 ng/ml of homodimeric recombinant PDGF B-chain and does not cross-react with recombinant PDGF-AA, epidermal growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, or transforming growth factor-beta. Citrated plasma from 72 control individuals had a PDGF B-chain (PDGF-B) level of 0.32 +/- 0.14 ng/ml (mean +/- SD) with a range of 0.10-0.69 ng/ml. The plasma platelet factor 4 (PF4) level was 97 +/- 70 ng/ml, with a range of 34-363 ng/ml. Citrated plasma was obtained from 131 cancer patients, and plasma PDGF-B was elevated in 19 (15%) of the patients. Both PDGF-B and PF4 were elevated in 14 (11%) of these patients, consistent with a platelet source of PDGF-B. In 5 patients (4%), however, PDGF-B was elevated and PF4 was not elevated compared to the control group. This last group of patients may have a tumor-derived source of PDGF-B which could be important in autocrine or paracrine growth stimulation of the tumor cells.