Sansalone John J, Kim Jong-Yeop
Univ. of Florida, Dep. of Environmental Engineering Sciences, 217 A.P. Black Hall, P.O. Box 116450, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
J Environ Qual. 2008 Aug 8;37(5):1883-93. doi: 10.2134/jeq2007.0495. Print 2008 Sep-Oct.
This study used manual full cross-sectional flow discrete sampling and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) methods to gravimetrically characterize noncolloidal hetero-disperse particulate matter (PM). This PM was examined as suspended, settleable, and sediment fractions to assess the distinct transport behavior of each PM fraction throughout each runoff event. Eight runoff events loading an urban paved source area watershed were examined to characterize transport of PM (as SSC) and fractions thereof. An event-based PM mass balance demonstrated recoveries exceeding 90%. With respect to PM transport, two phases were differentiated using a first flush index (m = DeltaM/DeltaV) developed in this study. The m >/= 1 and m < 1 transport phases of the coarser settleable/sediment PM accounted for a higher mass fraction of PM transported during higher flow rates, whereas delivery of the finer suspended fraction became more significant at lower flows. A positive relationship between PM concentration and particle size distribution was found for all events. Event mean concentrations (EMCs) of PM (as SSC) were compared with literature EMCs, sampling methods, and PM analysis method (as total suspended solids [TSS]). Particulate matter study results (as SSC) were higher than many published EMCs (as TSS) (p < 0.05). Differences are attributed to full cross-sectional flow sampling and the use of the the SSC method in contrast to automated sampling combined with TSS methods. Representative characterization of hetero-disperse source area PM is important for water chemistry monitoring, regulatory decisions, best management practice performance and maintenance, and PM inventories in urban systems.
本研究采用手动全断面水流离散采样和悬浮泥沙浓度（SSC）方法，通过重量法对非胶体异质分散颗粒物（PM）进行表征。将这种PM作为悬浮、可沉降和沉积部分进行检测，以评估每个PM部分在每次径流事件中的独特输运行为。对加载城市铺装源区流域的8次径流事件进行了研究，以表征PM（以SSC计）及其各部分的输运情况。基于事件的PM质量平衡显示回收率超过90%。关于PM输运，使用本研究中开发的首次冲刷指数（m = ΔM/ΔV）区分了两个阶段。较粗的可沉降/沉积PM的m≥1和m<1输运阶段在较高流速下占PM输运质量分数较高，而较细的悬浮部分在较低流速下的输送变得更为显著。所有事件中均发现PM浓度与粒径分布之间存在正相关关系。将PM（以SSC计）的事件平均浓度（EMC）与文献中的EMC、采样方法以及PM分析方法（以总悬浮固体[TSS]计）进行了比较。颗粒物研究结果（以SSC计）高于许多已发表的EMC（以TSS计）（p<0.05）。差异归因于全断面水流采样以及与自动采样结合TSS方法相比使用SSC方法。异质分散源区PM的代表性表征对于水化学监测、监管决策、最佳管理实践的性能和维护以及城市系统中的PM清单很重要。
