Pavithra D, Doble Mukesh
Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India.
Biomed Mater. 2008 Sep;3(3):034003. doi: 10.1088/1748-6041/3/3/034003. Epub 2008 Aug 8.
Several polymeric materials find application in biomedical implants and devices due to their superior physicochemical properties. The main requirement for these polymers is that they should be biocompatible, which means they prevent bacterial adhesion and are blood compatible. Many parameters contribute to the degree of biocompatibility. This paper discusses the mechanism of the formation of biofilms and lists the factors that influence the bacterial adhesion and haemocompatibility. Polymer surfaces are also modified to enhance adsorption of host cells. The physical, chemical and biological techniques are meant to modify the surface of the biomaterial but at the same time retain the key properties. The various polymer treatment processes have advantages and disadvantages and a few techniques have been proved to be both highly effective at treatment and found suitable for various in vivo environments. The current research focus pertaining to smart materials, biodegradable polymers, combinatorial chemistry, computational modelling and newer analytical techniques to understand polymer-cell interaction holds promise in designing better, cost effective and biocompatible polymers.
由于其优异的物理化学性质，几种聚合材料在生物医学植入物和设备中得到了应用。这些聚合物的主要要求是它们应该具有生物相容性，这意味着它们能防止细菌粘附并且与血液相容。许多参数会影响生物相容性的程度。本文讨论了生物膜形成的机制，并列出了影响细菌粘附和血液相容性的因素。聚合物表面也会被改性以增强宿主细胞的吸附。物理、化学和生物技术旨在改变生物材料的表面，但同时保留其关键特性。各种聚合物处理工艺都有优缺点，并且一些技术已被证明在处理方面非常有效，并且适用于各种体内环境。当前关于智能材料、可生物降解聚合物、组合化学、计算建模以及用于理解聚合物 - 细胞相互作用的更新分析技术的研究重点，有望设计出更好、成本效益更高且具有生物相容性的聚合物。
