Reichenauer Thomas G, Germida James J
Department of Environmental Research, Austrian Research Centers GmbH-ARC, Seibersdorf, 2444, Austria.
ChemSusChem. 2008;1(8-9):708-17. doi: 10.1002/cssc.200800125.
Phytoremediation is an emerging technology for the clean-up of sites contaminated with hazardous chemicals. The term phytoremediation refers to a number of technologies that use photoautotrophic vascular plants for the remediation of sites contaminated with inorganic and organic contaminants. Phytoremediation of organic contaminants can be organized by considering 1) the green liver concept, which elucidates the metabolism of contaminants in planta versus that of contaminants ex planta (e.g. rhizosphere), 2) processes that lead to complete degradation (mineralization) of contaminants as opposed to those that only lead to partial degradation or transformation, and 3) active plant uptake versus passive processes (e.g. sorption). Understanding of these processes needs an interdisciplinary approach involving chemists, biologists, soil scientists, and environmentalists. This Review presents the basic concepts of phytoremediation of organic contaminants in soil and groundwater using selected contaminants as examples.
植物修复是一种用于清理受有害化学物质污染场地的新兴技术。植物修复一词指的是一系列利用光合自养维管植物来修复受无机和有机污染物污染场地的技术。有机污染物的植物修复可以通过考虑以下几点来组织：1）绿色肝脏概念，该概念阐明了植物体内污染物的代谢与植物体外（例如根际）污染物的代谢情况；2）导致污染物完全降解（矿化）的过程与仅导致部分降解或转化的过程；3）植物的主动吸收与被动过程（例如吸附）。对这些过程的理解需要化学家、生物学家、土壤科学家和环境学家的跨学科方法。本综述以选定的污染物为例，介绍了土壤和地下水中有机污染物植物修复的基本概念。
