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繁殖的生殖成本中的个体差异:高质量雌性总是表现得更好。

Individual variation in reproductive costs of reproduction: high-quality females always do better.

作者信息

Hamel Sandra, Côté Steeve D, Gaillard Jean-Michel, Festa-Bianchet Marco

机构信息

Département de biologie and Centre d'études nordiques, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 0A6.

出版信息

J Anim Ecol. 2009 Jan;78(1):143-51. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2008.01459.x. Epub 2008 Aug 12.

Abstract
  1. Although life-history theory predicts substantial costs of reproduction, individuals often show positive correlations among life-history traits, rather than trade-offs. The apparent absence of reproductive costs may result from heterogeneity in individual quality. 2. Using detailed longitudinal data from three contrasted ungulate populations (mountain goats, Oreamnos americanus; bighorn sheep, Ovis canadensis; and roe deer, Capreolus capreolus), we assessed how individual quality affects the probability of detecting a cost of current reproduction on future reproduction for females. We used a composite measure of individual quality based on variations in longevity (all species), success in the last breeding opportunity before death (goats and sheep), adult mass (all species), and social rank (goats only). 3. In all species, high-quality females consistently had a higher probability of reproduction, irrespective of previous reproductive status. In mountain goats, we detected a cost of reproduction only after accounting for differences in individual quality. Only low-quality female goats were less likely to reproduce following years of breeding than of nonbreeding. Offspring survival was lower in bighorn ewes following years of successful breeding than after years when no lamb was produced, but only for low-quality females, suggesting that a cost of reproduction only occurred for low-quality females. 4. Because costs of reproduction differ among females, studies of life-history evolution must account for heterogeneity in individual quality.
摘要
  1. 尽管生活史理论预测繁殖存在巨大成本,但个体的生活史特征之间往往呈现正相关,而非权衡取舍。繁殖成本看似不存在,可能是由于个体质量的异质性所致。2. 我们利用来自三种有蹄类动物种群(北美野山羊,美洲野山羊属;大角羊,加拿大盘羊属;狍,狍属)的详细纵向数据,评估个体质量如何影响雌性动物当前繁殖成本对未来繁殖的影响概率。我们基于寿命变化(所有物种)、死前最后一次繁殖机会的成功率(山羊和绵羊)、成年体重(所有物种)以及社会等级(仅山羊),对个体质量进行了综合衡量。3. 在所有物种中,无论先前的繁殖状态如何,高质量雌性动物的繁殖概率始终更高。在北美野山羊中,只有在考虑个体质量差异后,我们才检测到繁殖成本。只有低质量的雌性山羊在繁殖若干年后比未繁殖若干年后更不易繁殖。大角羊母羊在成功繁殖若干年后的后代存活率低于未产羔若干年后的后代存活率,但仅针对低质量雌性而言,这表明繁殖成本仅在低质量雌性中出现。4. 由于雌性之间的繁殖成本存在差异,生活史进化研究必须考虑个体质量的异质性。

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