Kelt D A, Van Vuren D H
Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
Am Nat. 2001 Jun;157(6):637-45. doi: 10.1086/320621.
Although many studies employ allometric relationships to demonstrate possible dependence of various traits on body mass, the relationship between home range size and body mass has been perhaps the most difficult to understand. Early studies demonstrated that carnivorous species had larger home ranges than herbivorous species of similar mass. These studies also argued that scaling relations (e.g., slopes) of the former were steeper than those of the latter and explained this in terms of the distribution of food resources, which are more uniformly distributed for most herbivores than for carnivores. In contrast to these studies, we show that scaling relations of home ranges for carnivorous mammals do not differ significantly from those of herbivorous and omnivorous species and that all three exhibit slopes that are significantly steeper than predicted on the basis of energetic requirements. We also demonstrate that home range size is constrained to fit within a polygonal constraint space bounded by lines representing energetic and/or biophysical limitations, which suggests that the log-linear relationship between home range area and mass may not be the appropriate function to compare against the energetically predicted slopes of 0.75 or 1.0. It remains unclear, however, why the slope of the relationship between home range area and body mass, whether based on raw data or on constraint lines, always exceeds that predicted by the energetic needs hypothesis.
尽管许多研究利用异速生长关系来证明各种特征可能依赖于体重，但家域大小与体重之间的关系可能是最难理解的。早期研究表明，肉食性物种的家域比体重相似的草食性物种更大。这些研究还认为，前者的缩放关系（例如斜率）比后者更陡峭，并从食物资源的分布角度对此进行了解释，大多数草食动物的食物资源分布比肉食动物更均匀。与这些研究不同，我们表明肉食性哺乳动物的家域缩放关系与草食性和杂食性物种并无显著差异，并且这三者的斜率均明显比基于能量需求所预测的更陡峭。我们还证明，家域大小受到限制，以适应由代表能量和/或生物物理限制的线所界定的多边形约束空间，这表明家域面积与体重之间的对数线性关系可能不是与能量预测斜率0.75或1.0进行比较的合适函数。然而，尚不清楚家域面积与体重之间关系的斜率，无论是基于原始数据还是基于约束线，为何总是超过能量需求假说所预测的斜率。
