Wang Zong-Ling, Wang Fei-Zhi, Chen Shang, Zhu Ming-Yuan
First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xianxialing Road, Hi-tech Industrial Park, Qingdao 266061, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
Am Nat. 2002 May;159(5):498-508. doi: 10.1086/339460.
Habitat heterogeneity plays a key role in the dynamics and structures of communities. In this article, a two-species metapopulation model that includes local competitive dynamics is analyzed to study the population dynamics of two competing species in spatially structured habitats. When local stochastic extinction can be ignored, there are, as in Lotka-Volterra equations, four outcomes of interspecific competition in this model. The outcomes of competition depend on the competitive intensity between the competing pairs. An inferior competitor and a superior competitor, or two strongly competing species, can never stably coexist, whereas two weak competitors (even if they are very similar species) may coexist over the long term in such environments. Local stochastic extinction may greatly affect the outcomes of interspecific competition. Two competing species can or cannot stably coexist depending not only on the competitive intensity between the competing pairs but also on their precompetitive distributions. Two weak competitors that have similar precompetitive distributions can always regionally coexist. Two strongly competing species that competitively exclude each other in more stable habitats may be able to stably coexist in highly heterogenous environments if they have similar precompetitive distributions. There is also a chance for an inferior competitor to coexist regionally or even to exclude a superior competitor when the superior competitor has a narrow precompetitive distribution and the inferior competitor has a wide precompetitive distribution.
栖息地异质性在群落的动态和结构中起着关键作用。在本文中，分析了一个包含局部竞争动态的两物种集合种群模型，以研究空间结构化栖息地中两个竞争物种的种群动态。当局部随机灭绝可以忽略不计时，与Lotka-Volterra方程一样，该模型中种间竞争有四种结果。竞争结果取决于竞争对之间的竞争强度。一个劣势竞争者和一个优势竞争者，或者两个激烈竞争的物种，永远不能稳定共存，而两个弱竞争者（即使它们是非常相似的物种）在这样的环境中可能长期共存。局部随机灭绝可能会极大地影响种间竞争的结果。两个竞争物种能否稳定共存不仅取决于竞争对之间的竞争强度，还取决于它们竞争前的分布。两个具有相似竞争前分布的弱竞争者总能在区域内共存。在更稳定的栖息地中相互竞争排斥的两个激烈竞争物种，如果它们具有相似的竞争前分布，在高度异质的环境中可能能够稳定共存。当优势竞争者的竞争前分布狭窄而劣势竞争者的竞争前分布广泛时，劣势竞争者也有机会在区域内共存，甚至排斥优势竞争者。
