Brown Jennifer F
School of Nursing, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
Annu Rev Nurs Res. 2008;26:117-41.
In 2006, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) released a series of reports that highlighted the urgent need for improvements in the nation's emergency health services. This news has provided new energy to a growing body of research about the development and implementation of best practices in emergency care. Despite evidence of geographical disparities in health services, relatively little attention has been focused on rural emergency services to identify environmental differences. The purpose of this chapter is to summarize the contributions of nursing research to the rural emergency services literature. The research resembles a so-called shotgun effect as the exploratory and interventional studies cover a wide range of topics without consistency or justification. Emergency nursing research has been conducted primarily in urban settings, with small samples and insufficient methodological rigor. This chapter will discuss the limitations of the research and set forth an agenda of critical topics that need to be explored related to emergency nursing in rural settings.
2006年，美国医学研究所（IOM）发布了一系列报告，强调了改善美国紧急医疗服务的迫切需求。这一消息为越来越多关于紧急护理最佳实践的发展与实施的研究注入了新的活力。尽管有证据表明医疗服务存在地理差异，但相对较少的注意力集中在农村紧急服务上，以识别环境差异。本章的目的是总结护理研究对农村紧急服务文献的贡献。该研究类似于所谓的散弹枪效应，因为探索性和干预性研究涵盖了广泛的主题，缺乏一致性或合理性。紧急护理研究主要在城市环境中进行，样本量小且方法严谨性不足。本章将讨论该研究的局限性，并提出与农村环境中的紧急护理相关的需要探索的关键主题议程。
