Daza-Losada M, Rodríguez-Arias M, Maldonado C, Aguilar M A, Guerri C, Miñarro J
Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, 46010, Spain.
Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2009 Jan-Feb;31(1):49-59. doi: 10.1016/j.ntt.2008.07.005. Epub 2008 Jul 27.
The poly-drug pattern is the most common among those observed in MDMA users, with cocaine being a frequently associated drug. This study evaluates the acute effects of MDMA (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg), alone or in combination with cocaine (25 mg/kg), on motor activity, anxiety (elevated plus maze and social interaction test), memory and brain monoamines in adolescent mice. Both drugs, administered alone or concurrently, produced hyperactivity and a decrease in social contacts. However, an anxiolytic effect, studied by means of the elevated plus maze and expressed as an increase in the time spent on the open arms, was observed only in those animals treated with cocaine and MDMA. The passive avoidance task was affected only with the highest MDMA dose (20 mg/kg). Mice treated with MDMA did not present significant changes in brain monoamines, while those receiving MDMA and cocaine showed a decrease in DA in the striatum, which was accompanied by an increase in the serotonin concentration in the striatum and cortex 30 min after acute administration. In conclusion, the combined use of MDMA and cocaine produces a predominance of serotonin over DA, which is associated with an anxiolytic profile, defensive behaviours and fewer social contacts.
多药联用模式在摇头丸使用者中最为常见，可卡因是一种经常与之联用的药物。本研究评估了摇头丸（5、10和20毫克/千克）单独使用或与可卡因（25毫克/千克）联合使用对青春期小鼠运动活动、焦虑（高架十字迷宫和社交互动试验）、记忆和脑单胺的急性影响。两种药物单独使用或同时给药均会导致多动和社交接触减少。然而，仅在接受可卡因和摇头丸治疗的动物中观察到通过高架十字迷宫研究的抗焦虑作用，表现为在开放臂上停留时间增加。被动回避任务仅在最高剂量的摇头丸（20毫克/千克）时受到影响。接受摇头丸治疗的小鼠脑单胺没有显著变化，而接受摇头丸和可卡因治疗的小鼠在急性给药30分钟后纹状体中的多巴胺减少，同时纹状体和皮质中的血清素浓度增加。总之，摇头丸和可卡因的联合使用导致血清素相对于多巴胺占优势，这与抗焦虑特征、防御行为和较少的社交接触有关。
