Plebani Mario, Pittoni Marina, Celadin Marilena, Bernardi Daniela, Mion Monica Maria
Department of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital of Padova, Italy.
Autoimmun Rev. 2009 Jan;8(3):238-43. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2008.07.032. Epub 2008 Aug 15.
The investigation of autoimmunity provides an interest challenge in "omics" research and, particularly, proteome research, as autoimmune diseases are common disorders of unsolved etiology that occur in a wide range of manifestations, in all of which tissues and organs are attacked by the body's own immune system. Autoantibodies are a hallmark of many autoimmune diseases and the presence of autoantibodies is a distinctive and key characteristic of autoimmune diseases. Conventionally, the study of autoimmune response has always been conducted by analysing the presence and/or concentration of individual antibodies in biological fluids. New proteomic techniques allow the simultaneous identification/measurement of different autoantibodies in sera of patients suffering from autoimmune diseases. The possibility of simultaneously measuring a number of correlated analytes appears to be very interesting for analytical reasons (reduced volumes of biological samples, reagents and low costs), logistical/managerial reasons, and pathophysiological reasons (combination of markers in disease-oriented or organ-oriented profiling). In particular, we describe data collected by using high-throughput techniques such as antigen microarrays and mass spectrometry for antibody profiling. While recently collected data demonstrate satisfactory analytical sensitivity and reproducibility, some issues such as standardization and data interpretation have to be solved before the introduction of these new and promising techniques into clinical practice.
自身免疫性研究在“组学”研究尤其是蛋白质组研究中提出了一个有趣的挑战，因为自身免疫性疾病是病因未明的常见疾病，表现形式多样，在所有这些疾病中，机体自身免疫系统会攻击组织和器官。自身抗体是许多自身免疫性疾病的标志，自身抗体的存在是自身免疫性疾病的一个独特且关键的特征。传统上，自身免疫反应的研究一直是通过分析生物体液中单个抗体的存在情况和/或浓度来进行的。新的蛋白质组学技术能够同时鉴定/测量自身免疫性疾病患者血清中的不同自身抗体。出于分析原因（减少生物样本、试剂体积以及降低成本）、后勤/管理原因以及病理生理原因（在面向疾病或面向器官的分析中标记物的组合），同时测量多种相关分析物的可能性似乎非常有趣。特别是，我们描述了使用高通量技术（如抗原微阵列和质谱）进行抗体分析所收集的数据。虽然最近收集的数据显示出令人满意的分析灵敏度和重现性，但在将这些新的、有前景的技术引入临床实践之前，还必须解决一些问题，如标准化和数据解释等。
