Mathersul Danielle, Palmer Donna M, Gur Ruben C, Gur Raquel E, Cooper Nick, Gordon Evian, Williams Leanne M
Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Millennium Institute and Western Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2009 Apr;31(3):278-91. doi: 10.1080/13803390802043619. Epub 2008 Aug 19.
Both general and social cognition are important in providing endophenotypic markers and predicting real-world functional outcomes of clinical psychiatric disorders. However, to date, focus has been on general cognition, rather than on core domains of social/emotional cognition. This study sought to determine core domains of emotion processing for both explicit identification and implicit recognition and their relationships with core domains of general cognition. Age effects and sex differences were also investigated. A sample of 1,000 healthy individuals (6 to 91 years, 53.5% female) undertook the WebNeuro tests of emotion identification and recognition and tests of general cognitive function. Factor analysis revealed seven core domains of emotion processing: speed of explicit emotion identification, speed of implicit emotion recognition, implicit emotion recognition accuracy, "threat" processing, sadness-disgust identification, "positive emotion" processing, and general "face perception." Seven corresponding core domains of general cognition were identified: information-processing speed, executive function, sustained attention/vigilance, verbal memory, working-memory capacity, inhibition/impulsivity, and sensorimotor function. Factors of emotion processing generally showed positive associations with those of general cognitive function, suggesting commonality in processing speed in particular. Moreover, age had a consistent nonlinear impact on both emotion processing and general cognitive factors, while sex differences were more specific. These findings contribute to a normative and standardized structure for assessment of emotional and general cognition in clinical groups.
一般认知和社会认知对于提供内表型标记以及预测临床精神疾病的现实世界功能结局都很重要。然而，迄今为止，研究重点一直放在一般认知上，而非社会/情感认知的核心领域。本研究旨在确定用于明确识别和隐性识别的情绪加工核心领域及其与一般认知核心领域的关系。同时还研究了年龄效应和性别差异。1000名健康个体（年龄在6至91岁之间，女性占53.5%）的样本进行了情绪识别与认知的网络神经测试以及一般认知功能测试。因素分析揭示了情绪加工的七个核心领域：明确情绪识别速度、隐性情绪识别速度、隐性情绪识别准确性、“威胁”加工、悲伤-厌恶识别、“积极情绪”加工以及一般“面部感知”。确定了一般认知的七个相应核心领域：信息处理速度、执行功能、持续注意力/警觉性、言语记忆、工作记忆容量、抑制/冲动性以及感觉运动功能。情绪加工因素通常与一般认知功能因素呈正相关，尤其表明在加工速度方面具有共性。此外，年龄对情绪加工和一般认知因素均有一致的非线性影响，而性别差异则更为具体。这些发现有助于为临床群体的情绪和一般认知评估建立一个规范和标准化的结构。
