Croxon Lyn, Maginnis Cathy
School of Nursing and Midwifery, Charles Sturt University-Dubbo Campus, Dubbo, NSW 2830, Australia.
Nurse Educ Pract. 2009 Jul;9(4):236-43. doi: 10.1016/j.nepr.2008.06.004. Epub 2008 Aug 21.
Clinical placements provide opportunities for student nurses to learn experientially. To create a constructive learning environment staff need to be friendly, approachable, available and willing to teach. There must be adequate opportunities for students to develop confidence and competence in clinical skills with a focus on student learning needs rather than service needs of facilities. A popular model for clinical teaching of nursing students is the preceptor model. This model involves a student working under the supervision of individual registered nurses who are part of the clinical staff. This model was failing to meet students' needs in acute nursing practice areas, largely due to Registered Nurse staff shortages and demanding workloads. The students' evaluations led to the trial of a 'cluster' or group model of eight students, with a clinical facilitator who is paid by the university, in each acute nursing ward. Evaluation of twenty nursing students' perceptions of their acute nursing practice clinical placements was conducted using a mixed method approach to evaluate the two models of student supervision. Results indicate that the students prefer small groups with the clinical facilitator in one area. Thus evaluation and feedback from students and the perceptions of their clinical placement is essential.
临床实习为护生提供了通过实践学习的机会。为营造建设性的学习环境，工作人员需要友好、平易近人、随时可提供帮助且愿意教学。必须有足够的机会让学生培养临床技能方面的信心和能力，重点应放在学生的学习需求而非机构的服务需求上。一种流行的护理学生临床教学模式是带教模式。该模式让学生在作为临床工作人员一部分的个别注册护士的监督下工作。这种模式在急性护理实践领域未能满足学生的需求，主要原因是注册护士人员短缺和工作量大。学生的评估促使在每个急性护理病房试用一种“小组”或八名学生的群体模式，配备一名由大学支付薪酬的临床辅导员。采用混合方法对20名护理专业学生对其急性护理实践临床实习的看法进行评估，以评价两种学生监督模式。结果表明，学生更喜欢在一个区域配备临床辅导员的小组。因此，学生的评估和反馈以及他们对临床实习的看法至关重要。
