Millar Neil S, Gotti Cecilia
Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
Neuropharmacology. 2009 Jan;56(1):237-46. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2008.07.041. Epub 2008 Aug 5.
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are pentameric neurotransmitter receptors. They are members of the Cys-loop family of ligand-gated ion channels which also include ionotropic receptors for 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine. Nicotinic receptors are expressed in both the nervous system and at the neuromuscular junction and have been implicated in several neurological and neuromuscular disorders. In vertebrates, seventeen nAChR subunits have been identified (alpha1-alpha10, beta1-beta4, gamma, delta and epsilon) which can co-assemble to generate a diverse family of nAChR subtypes. This review will focus on vertebrate nAChRs and will provide an overview of the extent of nAChR diversity based on studies of both native and recombinant nAChRs.
烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体（nAChRs）是五聚体神经递质受体。它们是半胱氨酸环家族配体门控离子通道的成员，该家族还包括5-羟色胺（5-HT）、γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）和甘氨酸的离子otropic受体。烟碱型受体在神经系统和神经肌肉接头中均有表达，并与多种神经和神经肌肉疾病有关。在脊椎动物中，已鉴定出17种nAChR亚基（α1-α10、β1-β4、γ、δ和ε），它们可以共同组装形成一个多样的nAChR亚型家族。本综述将聚焦于脊椎动物nAChRs，并基于对天然和重组nAChRs的研究，概述nAChR多样性的程度。
