Hall Peter A, Elias Lorin J, Fong Geoffrey T, Harrison Amabilis H, Borowsky Ron, Sarty Gordon E
Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2008 Aug;30(4):432-49. doi: 10.1123/jsep.30.4.432.
The objective of this investigation was to examine the cognitive characteristics of individuals who demonstrate successful and unsuccessful self-regulation of physical activity behavior. In Study 1, participants articulated 1-week intentions for physical activity and wore a triaxial accelerometer over the subsequent 7 days. Among those who were motivated to increase their physical activity, those who were most and least successful were administered an IQ test. In Study 2, a second sample of participants completed the same protocol and a smaller subset of matched participants attended a functional imaging (fMRI) session. In Study 1, successful self-regulators (SSRs) scored significantly higher than unsuccessful self-regulators (USRs) on a test of general cognitive ability, and this difference could not be accounted for by favorability of attitudes toward physical activity or conscientiousness. In Study 2, the IQ effect was replicated, with SSRs showing a full standard deviation advantage over USRs. In the imaging protocol, USRs showed heavier recruitment of cognitive resources relative to SSRs in the anterior cingulate and orbitofrontal cortex during performance of a Stroop task; SSRs showed heavier recruitment in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.
本调查的目的是研究在身体活动行为自我调节方面表现成功和不成功的个体的认知特征。在研究1中，参与者阐述了为期1周的身体活动意向，并在随后的7天内佩戴三轴加速度计。在那些有动力增加身体活动的人中，对最成功和最不成功的人进行了智商测试。在研究2中，另一组参与者完成了相同的方案，并且一小部分匹配的参与者参加了功能成像（fMRI）实验。在研究1中，成功的自我调节者（SSR）在一般认知能力测试中的得分显著高于不成功的自我调节者（USR），这种差异不能用对身体活动的态度或尽责性来解释。在研究2中，重复了智商效应，SSR比USR显示出整整一个标准差的优势。在成像实验中，在执行Stroop任务期间，与SSR相比，USR在前扣带回和眶额皮质中显示出更多的认知资源募集；SSR在右侧背外侧前额叶皮质中显示出更多的募集。
