Hamburg P
General Psychiatry Practice and Eating Disorders Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114.
Int J Psychoanal. 1991;72 ( Pt 2):347-61.
This paper reads Lacan's exploration of the unconscious through the prism of Kohut's emphasis upon empathy as the basis for psychoanalytic interpretation. Lacan described the disconnexion characterizing human relationships; our experience of each other and of ourselves is radically alienated by the unconscious. Lacan's unconscious is structured like a language, revealing its complexity through symbolic forms. Language and desire always belong to the Other, a dislocation underlying all transferences. In psychoanalysis, transferences provide interpretive access to the language of the unconscious. For Kohut, interpretation depends on the prior establishment of a stable, sustaining transference; human connexion is a lifelong necessity and full understanding an achievable aim. Lacan's more structural approach to the inner world provides an important counterweight to Kohut's narrow preoccupation with the two-person field, while Kohut's concept of maternal mirroring lends a humane dimension to the icy realms of Lacan's intellectual structures. Despite enormous differences, each of these contemporary rediscoverers of Freud's legacy serves to supplement the perspective of the other.
本文通过科胡特强调共情作为精神分析解释基础的视角，来解读拉康对无意识的探索。拉康描述了人际关系中存在的脱节现象；我们对彼此以及对自身的体验，在根本上因无意识而被异化。拉康的无意识具有语言般的结构，通过象征形式展现其复杂性。语言和欲望总是属于他者，这是所有移情背后的一种错位。在精神分析中，移情为解读无意识的语言提供了途径。对科胡特而言，解释依赖于预先建立稳定、持续的移情；人际连接是终身的必要需求，而充分理解是一个可实现的目标。拉康对内心世界更具结构性的探讨，对科胡特局限于两人场域的狭隘关注起到了重要的制衡作用，而科胡特的母亲镜像概念则为拉康冰冷的知识结构领域增添了人文维度。尽管存在巨大差异，但这些当代重新发现弗洛伊德遗产的人，都为补充对方的视角发挥了作用。
