Samieri Cécilia, Jutand Marthe-Aline, Féart Catherine, Capuron Lucile, Letenneur Luc, Barberger-Gateau Pascale
INSERM, U897, University Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, case 11, 146 rue Léo-Saignat, F-33076 Bordeaux cedex, France.
J Am Diet Assoc. 2008 Sep;108(9):1461-71. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2008.06.437.
Several nutritional factors, including dietary fatty acids, antioxidants, and folates, have been related to pathological brain aging. Dietary patterns that represent a combination of foods may better predict disease risk than single foods or nutrients.
To identify dietary patterns by a mixed clustering method and to analyze their relationship with cognitive function, depressive symptoms, and self-rated health in older people.
Cross-sectional population-based study.
SUBJECTS/SETTING: Subjects included 1,724 elderly community dwellers living in Bordeaux, France from 2001 to 2002.
Cluster analysis, combining hybrid clustering, and research for stable groups during the k-means step on mean number of weekly servings of 20 predetermined food groups, separately in men and women.
Five dietary clusters were identified in each sex. A "healthy" cluster characterized by higher consumption of fish in men (n=157; 24.3%) and fruits and vegetables in women (n=267; 24.8%) had significantly lower mean number of errors to Mini Mental State score after adjustment for socio-demographic variables (beta=-0.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.22 to -0.004 in men; beta=-0.13; 95% CI, -0.22 to -0.04 in women). The same cluster was associated with borderline significance with lower depressive symptoms in women (beta=-0.16; 95% CI, -0.33 to 0.007). Men in the "pasta eaters" cluster (n=136; 21%) had higher depressive symptoms (beta=0.26; 95% CI, 0.06 to 0.46) and higher risk to report poor health (polytomous regression, odds ratio [OR]=1.91; 95% CI, 1.21 to 3.01) than the "healthy" cluster. Women in the "biscuits and snacking" cluster (n=162; 15%) had greater risk of poor perceived health (OR=1.69; 95% CI, 1.15 to 2.48) compared to "healthy" eaters. Additional adjustment for body mass index and medication use strengthened these associations.
Sex-specific dietary patterns derived by hybrid clustering method are associated with fewer cognitive and depressive symptoms and better perceived health in older people.
包括膳食脂肪酸、抗氧化剂和叶酸在内的多种营养因素与大脑病理性衰老有关。代表食物组合的饮食模式可能比单一食物或营养素更能准确预测疾病风险。
通过混合聚类方法识别饮食模式，并分析其与老年人认知功能、抑郁症状和自评健康状况的关系。
基于人群的横断面研究。
研究对象/研究地点：研究对象包括2001年至2002年居住在法国波尔多的1724名老年社区居民。
聚类分析，结合混合聚类，并在k均值步骤中研究20种预先确定的食物组每周食用量均值的稳定组，男女分开进行。
男女各识别出五种饮食聚类。男性中以鱼类摄入量较高为特征的“健康”聚类（n = 157；24.3%）和女性中以水果和蔬菜摄入量较高为特征的“健康”聚类（n = 267；24.8%），在对社会人口统计学变量进行调整后，简易精神状态评分的平均错误数显著较低（男性：β = -0.11；95%置信区间[CI]，-0.22至-0.004；女性：β = -0.13；95%CI，-0.22至-0.04）。同一聚类与女性较低的抑郁症状具有临界显著性（β = -0.16；95%CI，-0.33至0.007）。“面食食用者”聚类中的男性（n = 136；21%）比“健康”聚类中的男性有更高的抑郁症状（β = 0.26；95%CI，0.06至0.46）和报告健康状况不佳的更高风险（多分类回归，比值比[OR] = 1.91；95%CI，1.21至3.01）。与“健康”饮食者相比，“饼干和零食”聚类中的女性（n = 162；15%）感知健康状况不佳的风险更大（OR = 1.69；95%CI，1.15至2.48）。对体重指数和药物使用情况进行进一步调整后，这些关联得到加强。
通过混合聚类方法得出的特定性别的饮食模式与老年人较少的认知和抑郁症状以及更好的健康感知相关。
