Alleviation of deleterious effects of protein mutation through inactivation of molecular chaperones.

Molecular chaperones recognize and bind destabilized proteins. This can be especially important for proteins whose stability is reduced by mutations. We focused our study on a major chaperone system, RAC-Ssb, which assists folding of newly synthesized polypeptides in the yeast cytosol. A sensitive phenotypic assay, the red color of Ade2 mutants, was used to screen for variants with metabolic activity dependent on RAC-Ssb. None of the Ade2 mutants were found to exhibit lower metabolic activity after inactivation of RAC-Ssb. In order to explicitly test the relationship between protein instability and activity of chaperones, a series of temperature sensitive Ade2 mutants were tested in the presence or absence of RAC-Ssb. The growth of Ade2(ts) mutants at elevated temperatures was enhanced if chaperones were missing. Similar pattern was found for thermally sensitive mutants of several other genes. Because RAC-Ssb normally supports the folding of proteins, it appears paradoxical that catabolic activity of mutants is reduced when these chaperones are present. We suggest that under non-stressful conditions, molecular chaperones are tuned to support folding of native proteins, but not that of mutated ones.