Bharati D R, Deshmukh P R, Garg B S
Dr Sushila Nayar School of Public Health, Incorporating Department of Community Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram, India.
Indian J Med Res. 2008 Jun;127(6):539-43.
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Overweight and obesity are important determinants of health leading to adverse metabolic changes and increase the risk of non communicable diseases. Following the increase in adult obesity, the proportion of overweight and obese children and adolescents has also been increasing. Hence, the present study was undertaken to study the magnitude of overweight/obesity and its correlates among school going children of Wardha city in central India and suggest interventions.
The cross-sectional study was carried out in all the 31 middle-schools (5th to 7th standard) and high-schools (8th to 10th standard) of Wardha city. Probability proportionate to size of population technique (PPS) was used to decide the number of children to be studied from each school, each class and then each section. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select the children from each section. Pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire was used to elicit the information on family characteristics and individual characteristics. Height and weight was measured and BMI was calculated. Overweight and obesity was assessed by BMI for age. Student who had BMI for age >or=85th and < 95th percentile of reference population were classified as overweight and BMI for age >or=95th percentile of reference population were classified as obese.
Overweight and obesity was found to be 3.1 per cent (95% CI: 2.5-3.8%) and 1.2 per cent (95% CI: 0.8-1.8%) respectively; together constitute 4.3 per cent (95% CI: 3.6-5.2%) for overweight/ obesity. Final model of the multivariate logistic regression showed that the important correlates of overweight/obesity were urban residence, father and/or mother involved in service/business, English medium school and child playing outdoor games for less than 30 min.
INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION: The magnitude of overweight/obesity among school going children of Wardha city was found to be 4.3 per cent. Family characteristics play important role in predisposing the children to overweight/obesity and hence the interventions need to be directed towards the families.
超重和肥胖是健康的重要决定因素，会导致不良的代谢变化并增加患非传染性疾病的风险。随着成人肥胖率的上升，超重和肥胖儿童及青少年的比例也在增加。因此，本研究旨在调查印度中部瓦尔达市学龄儿童超重/肥胖的程度及其相关因素，并提出干预措施。
在瓦尔达市所有31所中学（5至7年级）和高中（8至10年级）开展横断面研究。采用按人口规模概率抽样技术（PPS）来确定每所学校、每个班级以及每个班级组要研究的儿童数量。使用系统随机抽样技术从每个班级组中选取儿童。采用预先设计和预测试的问卷来获取有关家庭特征和个人特征的信息。测量身高和体重并计算体重指数（BMI）。根据年龄别BMI评估超重和肥胖情况。年龄别BMI大于或等于参考人群第85百分位数且小于第95百分位数的学生被归类为超重，年龄别BMI大于或等于参考人群第95百分位数的学生被归类为肥胖。
超重率和肥胖率分别为3.1%（95%置信区间：2.5 - 3.8%）和1.2%（95%置信区间：0.8 - 1.8%）；超重/肥胖合计为4.3%（95%置信区间：3.6 - 5.2%）。多因素逻辑回归的最终模型显示，超重/肥胖的重要相关因素包括城市居住、父母一方或双方从事服务业/商业、就读于英语授课学校以及儿童户外游戏时间少于30分钟。
瓦尔达市学龄儿童超重/肥胖率为4.3%。家庭特征在儿童超重/肥胖的易感性方面起着重要作用，因此干预措施应针对家庭。
