Hu Jun, Liang Yong, Chen Minjie, Wang Xiaorong
Nanjing University, People's Republic of China.
Environ Toxicol. 2009 Aug;24(4):334-42. doi: 10.1002/tox.20436.
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) are two of the most widely used brominated flame retardants (BFRs). The biological toxicity effect of TBBPA and HBCD was studied by means of zebrafish embryo toxicity assays in combination with three biomarkers, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), lipid peroxidation, (LPO), and heat shock protein (Hsp70). The standard zebrafish embryo assay showed that high concentrations of TBBPA (> or =0.75 mg/L) can cause lethality or malformation. For HBCD within the concentration range (0.002-10 mg/L), no endpoint was observed. Furthermore, SOD activities of zebrafish embryos exposed to TBBPA were increased with the increasing concentrations. SOD activities in the group treated by HBCD showed an increase followed by a decline. Regardless of TBBPA or HBCD, LPO were increased along with the increase of the concentration. The change pattern of Hsp70 levels was the same with LPO. All these results showed that TBBPA and HBCD could cause oxidative stress and Hsp70 overexpression, inducing acute toxicity to zebrafish embryo in a short-term exposure. The study also indicates that the zebrafish embryo assay in combination with the biomarkers is effective in aquatic environmental toxicology and risk assessment.
四溴双酚A（TBBPA）和六溴环十二烷（HBCD）是两种使用最为广泛的溴化阻燃剂（BFRs）。通过斑马鱼胚胎毒性试验并结合超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、脂质过氧化（LPO）和热休克蛋白（Hsp70）这三种生物标志物，对TBBPA和HBCD的生物毒性效应进行了研究。标准斑马鱼胚胎试验表明，高浓度的TBBPA（≥0.75毫克/升）可导致致死或畸形。对于浓度范围在0.002至10毫克/升的HBCD，未观察到任何终点效应。此外，暴露于TBBPA的斑马鱼胚胎的SOD活性随浓度增加而升高。HBCD处理组的SOD活性呈先升高后下降的趋势。无论TBBPA还是HBCD，LPO均随浓度增加而升高。Hsp70水平的变化模式与LPO相同。所有这些结果表明，TBBPA和HBCD可引起氧化应激和Hsp70过表达，在短期暴露中对斑马鱼胚胎诱导急性毒性。该研究还表明，斑马鱼胚胎试验结合生物标志物在水生环境毒理学和风险评估中是有效的。
