青少年对哮喘控制的认知模式：与心理社会功能的关联
Patterns of asthma control perception in adolescents: associations with psychosocial functioning.
作者信息
Rhee Hyekyun, Belyea Michael J, Elward Kurtis S
机构信息
School of Nursing, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, USA. hyekyun_
出版信息
J Asthma. 2008 Sep;45(7):600-6. doi: 10.1080/02770900802126974.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose was to identify and describe the patterns of asthma control perception in relation to actual symptom reports in adolescents and to compare the group with accurate control perception with those of inaccurate perception in relationship to sociodemographic characteristics, illness-related factors, and psychosocial factors.
METHODS
A sample of 126 adolescents from 13 through 20 years of age participated in the study. Patterns of control perception were constructed based on participants' rating of their perception of asthma control and self-reported asthma symptoms using Latent Class Analysis. Analyses of variance (ANOVAs) and multinomial logistic regressions were computed for group comparisons.
RESULTS
Participants were classified into four groups according to the patterns of control perception. Accurate groups were divided into either the well-controlled (62%) or the poorly-controlled group (7%), and inaccurate groups were manifested inaccuracy either with nighttime symptoms (25%) or daytime symptoms (6%). Minority participants (p < 0.001) or those with low socioeconomic status (p < 0.001) were more likely to be represented in the inaccurate group than their counterparts. The well-controlled accurate group consistently reported higher asthma-related knowledge (p = 0.02), more positive attitude toward asthma (p < 0.001), fewer barriers to self-management (p = 0.04), and higher quality of life (p < 0.001) than the inaccurate group.
CONCLUSION
This study demonstrated that accuracy of asthma control perception can be classified into four criteria based on patterns of various asthma symptoms. Adolescents' tendency toward underperception was evident. The inaccurate groups are at greater risk for psychosocial impairments. This study underscores the importance of an intervention that improves the accuracy of asthma control perception in adolescents while promoting psychosocial well-being among adolescents with inaccurate perception.
目的
本研究旨在识别并描述青少年哮喘控制认知模式与实际症状报告之间的关系，并比较哮喘控制认知准确组与认知不准确组在社会人口学特征、疾病相关因素和心理社会因素方面的差异。
方法
选取126名年龄在13至20岁之间的青少年作为研究样本。基于参与者对哮喘控制的认知评分和自我报告的哮喘症状，采用潜在类别分析构建控制认知模式。通过方差分析（ANOVA）和多项逻辑回归进行组间比较。
结果
根据控制认知模式，参与者被分为四组。准确组分为控制良好组（62%）或控制不佳组（7%），不准确组在夜间症状（25%）或白天症状（6%）方面存在认知不准确。少数族裔参与者（p < 0.001）或社会经济地位较低的参与者（p < 0.001）比其他参与者更有可能出现在认知不准确组中。与认知不准确组相比，控制良好的准确组始终报告更高的哮喘相关知识（p = 0.02）、对哮喘更积极的态度（p < 0.001）、自我管理的障碍更少（p = 0.04）以及更高的生活质量（p < 0.001）。
结论
本研究表明，哮喘控制认知准确性可根据各种哮喘症状模式分为四个标准。青少年存在认知不足的倾向。认知不准确组面临更大的心理社会障碍风险。本研究强调了干预措施的重要性，该措施可提高青少年哮喘控制认知的准确性，同时促进认知不准确的青少年的心理社会幸福感。
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