Keating J P, Schears G J, Dodge P R
Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo.
Am J Dis Child. 1991 Sep;145(9):985-90. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1991.02160090037018.
Between 1975 and 1990, a total of 34 patients with water intoxication were treated at St Louis (Mo) Children's Hospital, 24 of these in the last 3 years, indicating a marked increase in incidence of this previously rare condition. Thirty-one were infants living in poverty who ingested excessive amounts of water offered at home by their caretakers. Exhaustion of the supply of infant formula was the most common reason given for this substitution. Infants were treated by a single infusion of hypertonic saline or a slow infusion of isotonic saline. Central pontine myelinolysis was not observed as a complication of hypertonic saline therapy. Modification of the Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children to provide sufficient formula for the growing infant and better education of mothers as to the hazards of excessive water ingestion might reduce the incidence of this preventable and life-threatening condition.
1975年至1990年间，圣路易斯（密苏里州）儿童医院共收治了34例水中毒患者，其中24例是在过去3年中收治的，这表明这种以前罕见的病症发病率显著上升。31例是生活贫困的婴儿，他们摄入了照顾者在家中提供的过量水分。婴儿配方奶粉供应耗尽是做出这种替代的最常见原因。婴儿通过单次输注高渗盐水或缓慢输注等渗盐水进行治疗。未观察到高渗盐水治疗的并发症——渗透性脱髓鞘综合征。修改妇女、婴儿和儿童特别补充食品计划，为成长中的婴儿提供足够的配方奶粉，并更好地教育母亲过度摄入水分的危害，可能会降低这种可预防的危及生命病症的发病率。
