Zoumalan Christopher I, Bullock John D, Warwar Ronald E, Fuller Barry, McCulley Timothy J
Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
Arch Ophthalmol. 2008 Sep;126(9):1257-60. doi: 10.1001/archopht.126.9.1257.
To evaluate orbital pressure (OP), intraocular pressure (IOP), and the effectiveness of canthotomy, cantholysis, and septolysis using an experimental orbital hemorrhage model.
Expired whole blood was injected into the retrobulbar space of 10 human cadaver orbits. At 1-mL increments, OP, IOP, and globe position were documented. The mean (SD) time interval between the injections was 84 (36) seconds. Following injection of 22 mL, lateral canthotomy, cantholysis, and septolysis were performed. An additional 10 mL of blood was then injected.
After injecting 22 mL of whole blood, mean (SD) OP and IOP were 68.4 (32.2) and 71.5 (19.1) mm Hg, respectively. The OP and IOP correlated closely throughout the experiment, with a mean (SD) difference of 11.4 (4.9) mm Hg (Pearson coefficient, 0.97). Following canthotomy, cantholysis, and septolysis, there was a mean (SD) decrease of 48.0 (27.2) mm Hg (70%) and 50.0 (18.1) mm Hg (59%) in OP and IOP, respectively. With additional injection of 10 mL of blood, OP and IOP increased rapidly.
The IOP and OP rose in direct proportion to the volume of whole blood injected; OP lagged behind IOP by 11 mm Hg, and surgical release of the orbit reduced OP by 70%. This effect was short-lived in the setting of continued simulated hemorrhage.
使用实验性眼眶出血模型评估眼眶压力（OP）、眼压（IOP）以及内眦切开术、眦松解术和眶隔松解术的有效性。
将过期的全血注入10个尸体眼眶的球后间隙。每次以1 mL递增，记录OP、IOP和眼球位置。两次注射之间的平均（标准差）时间间隔为84（36）秒。注入22 mL后，进行外侧内眦切开术、眦松解术和眶隔松解术。然后再注入10 mL血液。
注入22 mL全血后，平均（标准差）OP和IOP分别为68.4（32.2）和71.5（19.1）mmHg。在整个实验过程中，OP和IOP密切相关，平均（标准差）差值为11.4（4.9）mmHg（Pearson系数为0.97）。在内眦切开术、眦松解术和眶隔松解术后，OP和IOP平均（标准差）分别下降48.0（27.2）mmHg（70%）和50.0（18.1）mmHg（59%）。再注入10 mL血液后，OP和IOP迅速升高。
IOP和OP与注入的全血量成正比升高；OP比IOP滞后11 mmHg，眼眶手术松解可使OP降低70%。在持续模拟出血的情况下，这种效果是短暂的。
