Lachnit H
Dept. of Psychology, University of Giessen, Germany.
Integr Physiol Behav Sci. 1991 Apr-Jun;26(2):139-44. doi: 10.1007/BF02691037.
The experiment reviewed here merges Garner's (1974) distinction of separable and integral stimulus properties with the field of Pavlovian eyelid conditioning with human subjects. According to one rule, two sets of stimuli (separable vs integral) were constructed. A differential compound conditioning procedure was used with one group of subjects being trained with a subset of the separable material and then tested with a new subset. The same procedure was used with a second group but with integral material. The experiment showed a reversal of conditioning effects, depending on the properties of stimuli. Separable compounds showed results as predicted by elementistic conditioning theories: the associative values of the elements summed up. With integral compounds, the associative values of the elements were irrelevant. Instead, integral compounds were processed and classified primarily on the basis of similarity.
此处回顾的实验将加纳（1974年）对可分离和整体刺激属性的区分与针对人类受试者的巴甫洛夫式眼睑条件反射领域相结合。根据一条规则，构建了两组刺激（可分离的与整体的）。对一组受试者采用差异复合条件反射程序，用可分离材料的一个子集进行训练，然后用一个新的子集进行测试。对第二组受试者采用相同的程序，但使用的是整体材料。实验表明，条件反射效应会发生逆转，这取决于刺激的属性。可分离的复合物呈现出元素主义条件反射理论所预测的结果：各元素的联想值相加。对于整体复合物，各元素的联想值并不相关。相反，整体复合物主要是根据相似性进行处理和分类的。
