Pippin Jeffrey W, Brinkkoetter Paul T, Cormack-Aboud Fionnualla C, Durvasula Raghu V, Hauser Peter V, Kowalewska Jolanta, Krofft Ronald D, Logar Christine M, Marshall Caroline B, Ohse Takamoto, Shankland Stuart J
Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific St., Box 356521, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2009 Feb;296(2):F213-29. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.90421.2008. Epub 2008 Sep 10.
Glomerular diseases remain the leading cause of chronic and end-stage kidney disease. Significant advances in our understanding of human glomerular diseases have been enabled by the development and better characterization of animal models. Diseases of the glomerular epithelial cells (podocytes) account for the majority of proteinuric diseases. Rodents have been extensively used experimentally to better define mechanisms of disease induction and progression, as well as to identify potential targets and therapies. The development of podocyte-specific genetically modified mice has energized the research field to better understand which animal models are appropriate to study acquired podocyte diseases. In this review we discuss inducible experimental models of acquired nondiabetic podocyte diseases in rodents, namely, passive Heymann nephritis, puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis, adriamycin nephrosis, liopolysaccharide, crescentic glomerulonephritis, and protein overload nephropathy models. Details are given on the model backgrounds, how to induce each model, the interpretations of the data, and the benefits and shortcomings of each. Genetic rodent models of podocyte injury are excluded.
肾小球疾病仍然是慢性和终末期肾病的主要病因。动物模型的开发和更好的特征描述推动了我们对人类肾小球疾病认识的重大进展。肾小球上皮细胞（足细胞）疾病占大多数蛋白尿性疾病。啮齿动物已被广泛用于实验，以更好地确定疾病诱导和进展的机制，以及识别潜在的靶点和治疗方法。足细胞特异性基因改造小鼠的开发激发了研究领域，以更好地了解哪些动物模型适合研究获得性足细胞疾病。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了啮齿动物获得性非糖尿病性足细胞疾病的诱导性实验模型，即被动型海曼肾炎、嘌呤霉素氨基核苷肾病、阿霉素肾病、脂多糖、新月体性肾小球肾炎和蛋白超负荷肾病模型。文中详细介绍了模型背景、每种模型的诱导方法、数据解读以及每种模型的优缺点。足细胞损伤的基因啮齿动物模型不包括在内。
