Exercise: Part II. Translating the exercise prescription.

Exercise comes in many forms and uses different substrates (fuels) for adenosine triphosphate (energy) production. The greater the intensity of exercise, the greater the relative contribution of carbohydrate as a fuel source. However, as intensity exceeds the anaerobic threshold, anaerobic glycolysis is inhibited, forcing a decrease in exercise intensity. Proper manipulation of the exercise prescription components can create the desired health and fitness benefits, provide a high level of carbohydrate utilization, and control exercise risks while maintaining exercise intensity at aerobic levels. The calculation of target heart rate zones and proper monitoring of exercise heart rates allows for greater compliance to exercise prescriptions. Individual responses to various exercise intensities and modalities require regular assessments. Monitoring blood glucose levels before and after exercise assists in prescribing exercise duration and exercise times in relation to the medication and dietary regimen.