Qualitative comparison and synthesis of nursing presence and caring.

PURPOSE

To better understand the concepts nursing presence and caring.

METHOD

Qualitative concept comparison and synthesis.

FINDINGS

There are substantive similarities and a notable lack of differences among the antecedents, attributes, and outcomes of nursing presence and caring. Presence and caring comprise an intentional therapeutic process that involves expert nursing practice and intimate interpersonal sensitivity. Outcomes of the process are improved mental and physical well-being among recipients and improved mental well-being among nurses.

CONCLUSIONS

Based on the preponderance of references to presence and caring in the nursing literature, it is inferred that they are important concepts, albeit substantively redundant.

IMPLICATIONS

To decrease confusion, nurses are urged to recognize the synonymous nature of presence and caring. Additional comparative studies are recommended to avoid redundant terminology and to promote clarity within the lexicon of nursing.