Lepers Romuald
INSERM U887, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008 Oct;40(10):1828-34. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31817e91a4.
To examine the improvement in swimming (3.8 km), cycling (180 km), running (42.2 km), and overall performances at the Hawaii Ironman Triathlon of elite males and females between 1981 and 2007.
Trends across years, gender differences in performance times in the three disciplines, and overall winning times of the top 10 males and females were analyzed.
Overall performance time in the ironman decreased rapidly from 1981 but has remained stable since the late 1980s. From 1988 to 2007, linear regression analysis showed that change in swimming, cycling, running, and total performance for both males and females was less than 1.4% per decade, except for females' running time, which decreased by 3.8% per decade. Since 1988, the mean (SD) gender differences in time for swimming, cycling, running, and total event were 9.8% (2.9), 12.7% (2.0), 13.3% (3.1), and 12.6% (1.3), respectively.
After an initial phase of rapid improvement of performances during the 1980s, there was a relative plateau, but at least in running and cycling, there were small improvements. Over the last two decades, gender difference in swimming remained stable while it slightly increased in cycling and decreased in running. The gender difference in ironman total performance is unlikely to change in the future.
研究1981年至2007年间精英男性和女性在夏威夷铁人三项赛中游泳（3.8公里）、自行车（180公里）、跑步（42.2公里）及总体表现的提升情况。
分析多年来的趋势、三个项目中男女成绩时间的性别差异以及男女前十名的总获胜时间。
铁人三项赛的总体成绩时间自1981年起迅速下降，但自20世纪80年代末以来一直保持稳定。1988年至2007年的线性回归分析显示，除了女性跑步时间每十年下降3.8%外，男性和女性在游泳、自行车、跑步及总成绩方面的变化每十年均小于1.4%。自1988年以来，游泳、自行车、跑步及总项目时间的平均（标准差）性别差异分别为9.8%（2.9）、12.7%（2.0）、13.3%（3.1）和12.6%（1.3）。
在20世纪80年代成绩快速提升的初始阶段之后，出现了相对平稳期，但至少在跑步和自行车项目上有小幅提升。在过去二十年中，游泳项目的性别差异保持稳定，而自行车项目的性别差异略有增加，跑步项目的性别差异则有所下降。铁人三项赛总成绩的性别差异未来不太可能改变。
