Yániz J, López-Gatius F, Bech-Sàbat G, García-Ispierto I, Serrano B, Santolaria P
Department of Animal Production, University of Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain.
Reprod Domest Anim. 2008 Oct;43 Suppl 4:38-43. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2008.01227.x.
In the dairy industry worldwide, reproductive disorders are a major cause of economic losses and a challenge to scientists and technicians. In recent decades, declining fertility and increasing milk production have been widely reported in dairy cattle. In this article, the relationships between milk production, ovarian disorders and fertility in high-producing dairy herds are briefly described. We carried out a retrospective study of 23 204 lactations included in a reproductive control programme in north-eastern Spain, a geographical area experiencing both warm and cool conditions. The data were collected between 1991 and 2007 and refer to cows first inseminated or examined 45-80 days postpartum in five well-managed, commercial, Holstein-Friesian high-producing dairy herds. Ovarian disorders were classified as ovarian inactivity or hypofunction, cystic ovarian disease, sub-oestrus or silent ovulation and sub-luteal function. Ovarian hypofunction and milk production increased throughout the study period and there was a decrease in the pregnancy rate to first artificial insemination (AI). Cows suffering ovarian hypofunction were efficiently treated using combined progestagen-prostaglandin treatments. The incidence of ovarian cysts showed little variation with time. Treatment of this syndrome may include different GnRH-based treatments or manual rupture. During the last 5 years, sub-oestrus was the predominant dysfunction (42.1%) compared with the cystic (6.3%) and ovarian hypofunction (12%) forms. Response of sub-oestrous cows to treatment with luteolitic agents was usually higher than 60%. Ovarian function and fertility were dramatically impaired during the warm period. However, during the later years of the study, the inclusion of fans and water sprinklers for the warm season appeared to overcome the seasonal effect on fertility.
在全球乳制品行业中，繁殖障碍是经济损失的主要原因，也是科学家和技术人员面临的一项挑战。近几十年来，奶牛繁殖力下降和产奶量增加的情况已被广泛报道。本文简要描述了高产奶牛群中产奶量、卵巢疾病与繁殖力之间的关系。我们对西班牙东北部一个经历冷暖两种气候条件的地区纳入生殖控制计划的23204次泌乳进行了回顾性研究。数据收集于1991年至2007年期间，涉及五家管理良好的商业化荷斯坦-弗里生高产奶牛群中产后45 - 80天首次输精或检查的奶牛。卵巢疾病分为卵巢无活性或功能减退、卵巢囊肿疾病、亚发情或安静排卵以及黄体功能不全。在整个研究期间，卵巢功能减退和产奶量增加，首次人工授精（AI）的妊娠率下降。使用孕激素 - 前列腺素联合治疗有效地治疗了卵巢功能减退的奶牛。卵巢囊肿的发病率随时间变化不大。该综合征的治疗可能包括不同的基于促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）的治疗方法或人工穿刺。在过去5年中，与囊肿性（6.3%）和卵巢功能减退（12%）形式相比，亚发情是主要的功能障碍（42.1%）。亚发情奶牛对黄体溶解剂治疗的反应通常高于60%。在温暖时期，卵巢功能和繁殖力受到显著损害。然而，在研究的后期，在温暖季节使用风扇和喷水装置似乎克服了对繁殖力的季节性影响。
