Wang Shi-Hong, Jing Qi, Dai Ting-Bo, Jiang Dong, Cao Wei-Xing
Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2008 Jun;19(6):1255-60.
Taking six winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars, i. e., 'Wangshuibai' and 'Bima 1' bred in 1950s, 'Zhengyin 1' and 'Yangmai 1' bred in 1970s, and 'Yumai 34' and 'Ningmai 9' bred in 1990s, as test materials, field experiments were conducted to study the evolution characteristics of their flag leaf photosynthesis and grain yield. The results showed that compared with those bred in 1950s and 1970s, the cultivars bred in 1990s had higher chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), PS II maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), actual photochemical efficiency (PhiPSII), photochemical quenching coefficient (qp) and non-photochemical quenching coefficient (qN) at grain-filling stage, their flag leaf had a longer functional duration and senesced slower, and their harvest indices were higher, with the grain yield increased by 25.90% and 11.29%, respectively. It was suggested that in the evolution process of wheat cultivars from 1950s to 1990s, the improved photosynthetic capacity and the lengthened functional duration of flag leaf after anthesis were the key physiological bases for grain yield enhancement.
以6个冬小麦（普通小麦）品种，即20世纪50年代育成的‘望水白’和‘碧蚂1号’、70年代育成的‘郑引1号’和‘扬麦1号’，以及90年代育成的‘豫麦34号’和‘宁麦9号’为试验材料，进行田间试验以研究其旗叶光合作用和籽粒产量的演变特征。结果表明，与20世纪50年代和70年代育成的品种相比，90年代育成的品种在灌浆期具有更高的叶绿素含量、净光合速率（Pn）、PS II最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）、实际光化学效率（PhiPSII）、光化学猝灭系数（qp）和非光化学猝灭系数（qN），其旗叶功能期更长且衰老较慢，收获指数更高，籽粒产量分别提高了25.90%和11.29%。表明在20世纪50年代至90年代小麦品种的演变过程中，光合能力的提高和花后旗叶功能期的延长是籽粒产量提高的关键生理基础。
