Dworkin R H, Bernstein G, Kaplansky L M, Lipsitz J D, Rinaldi A, Slater S L, Cornblatt B A, Erlenmeyer-Kimling L
Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY.
Am J Psychiatry. 1991 Sep;148(9):1182-8. doi: 10.1176/ajp.148.9.1182.
The authors longitudinally examined social competence and positive and negative symptoms in children at risk for schizophrenia, children at risk for affective disorder, and matched normal subjects.
The subjects were offspring of parents with schizophrenia or affective disorder and normal comparison subjects matched on age, sex, and socioeconomic status. Ratings of social competence (Premorbid Adjustment Scale), affective flattening and poverty of speech (Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms), and positive formal thought disorder (Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms) were based on videotaped psychiatric interviews conducted in childhood (N = 144), early adolescence (N = 127), and adolescence (N = 106).
In childhood, there were no significant group differences. In early adolescence, the subjects at risk for schizophrenia had poorer social competence than those at risk for affective disorder and the normal subjects. In early adolescence, the subjects at risk for schizophrenia also had greater positive thought disorder than those at risk for affective disorder but did not differ significantly from the normal subjects; there were no differences in negative symptoms. In adolescence, the subjects at risk for schizophrenia had poorer social competence and greater positive and negative symptoms than the adolescents at risk for affective disorder and the normal subjects.
During early adolescence and adolescence, poor social competence may be more characteristic of children at risk for schizophrenia than those at risk for affective disorder. Higher levels of positive and negative symptoms may also be specific to subjects at risk for schizophrenia, but only during adolescence.
作者纵向研究了精神分裂症风险儿童、情感障碍风险儿童及匹配的正常受试者的社交能力、阳性和阴性症状。
受试者为精神分裂症或情感障碍患者的后代以及在年龄、性别和社会经济地位上匹配的正常对照受试者。社交能力评分（病前适应量表）、情感平淡和言语匮乏评分（阴性症状评估量表）以及阳性形式思维障碍评分（阳性症状评估量表）基于儿童期（N = 144）、青春期早期（N = 127）和青春期（N = 106）进行的录像精神科访谈。
在儿童期，各组间无显著差异。在青春期早期，精神分裂症风险受试者的社交能力比情感障碍风险受试者和正常受试者差。在青春期早期，精神分裂症风险受试者的阳性思维障碍也比情感障碍风险受试者更严重，但与正常受试者无显著差异；阴性症状方面无差异。在青春期，精神分裂症风险受试者的社交能力比情感障碍风险青少年和正常受试者差，且阳性和阴性症状更严重。
在青春期早期和青春期，社交能力差可能是精神分裂症风险儿童比情感障碍风险儿童更具特征性的表现。阳性和阴性症状水平较高也可能是精神分裂症风险受试者所特有的，但仅在青春期如此。
