Leffert Mark
New Center for Psychoanalysis.
J Am Acad Psychoanal Dyn Psychiatry. 2008 Fall;36(3):517-42. doi: 10.1521/jaap.2008.36.3.517.
The contemporary literature on change in psychoanalysis has struggled to integrate recent developments in theory. Reasons for its limitations are discussed. The present article brings to bear relevant concepts drawn from postmodernism and complexity theory on ideas about how change occurs in psychoanalysis. In elaborating these two skeins, it looks critically at some recent attempts to incorporate them and considers their relationship to each other. A general description of complexity theory is offered because it has not yet been well documented in the analytic literature. Postmodern theory is talked about in relation to change; it has been discussed more generally in the author's earlier work. Ways in which postmodernism and complexity theory can inform psychoanalysis but also constrain some of its assumptions are explored. The nature and occurrence of qualitative events of psychoanalytic change are described. Four kinds of such events are described and illustrated with clinical vignettes. Analytic change viewed from a macro rather than a micro level is also discussed.
当代精神分析领域中关于变化的文献一直在努力整合理论上的最新进展。文中讨论了其局限性的原因。本文运用后现代主义和复杂性理论中的相关概念，来探讨精神分析中变化是如何发生的。在阐述这两个思路时，本文批判性地审视了一些近期将它们纳入其中的尝试，并思考了它们之间的关系。由于复杂性理论在分析文献中尚未得到充分记载，因此本文给出了其总体描述。后现代理论是结合变化来讨论的；在作者早期的作品中已有更广泛的探讨。本文探讨了后现代主义和复杂性理论能够为精神分析提供信息的方式，同时也限制了其一些假设。文中描述了精神分析变化中质性事件的性质和发生情况。文中描述了四种此类事件，并用临床案例进行了说明。还讨论了从宏观而非微观层面看待的分析性变化。
