Blaser Erik, Shepard Tim
Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, 02125, USA.
Vision Res. 2009 Jun;49(10):1174-81. doi: 10.1016/j.visres.2008.09.012. Epub 2008 Oct 31.
This study attempts to isolate the underlying processing resources of visual attention from the 'cognitive supervision'-working memory, decision processes, but especially awareness-that typically accompanies their allocation. To decouple them, we used the motion aftereffect (MAE) as a passive assay of resource allocation. In our main condition, observers were presented with an adapting field, but did not attend to it. Instead their effort was directed to an engrossing auditory two-back memory task. Consequently, observers had no consistent awareness of the adaptor, nor were able to make accurate judgements about its luminance, but nonetheless had MAE's no smaller than those induced when the adaptor was 'fully attended'. Similarly to when object- or feature-based attention spreads unwittingly, attention was allocated automatically to the adaptor, without requiring nor engaging executive control or awareness.
本研究试图将视觉注意力的潜在处理资源与“认知监督”——工作记忆、决策过程，尤其是通常伴随其分配的意识——分离开来。为了将它们解耦，我们使用运动后效（MAE）作为资源分配的被动测定方法。在我们的主要条件下，向观察者呈现一个适应场，但他们并不关注它。相反，他们的精力被引导到一项引人入神的听觉双任务记忆任务上。因此，观察者对适应器没有一致的意识，也无法对其亮度做出准确判断，但尽管如此，他们的运动后效并不比“完全关注”适应器时诱发的运动后效小。与基于对象或特征的注意力在不知不觉中扩散时类似，注意力自动分配到适应器上，无需也不涉及执行控制或意识。
