Chambers Christopher D, Garavan Hugh, Bellgrove Mark A
School of Psychology, Cardiff University, UK.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2009 May;33(5):631-46. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2008.08.016. Epub 2008 Sep 11.
Neural mechanisms of cognitive control enable us to initiate, coordinate and update behaviour. Central to successful control is the ability to suppress actions that are no longer relevant or required. In this article, we review the contribution of cognitive neuroscience, molecular genetics and clinical investigations to understanding how response inhibition is mediated in the human brain. In Section 1, we consider insights into the neural basis of inhibitory control from the effects of neural interference, neural dysfunction, and drug addiction. In Section 2, we explore the functional specificity of inhibitory mechanisms among a range of related processes, including response selection, working memory, and attention. In Section 3, we focus on the contribution of response inhibition to understanding flexible behaviour, including the effects of learning and individual differences. Finally, in Section 4, we propose a series of technical and conceptual objectives for future studies addressing the neural basis of inhibition.
认知控制的神经机制使我们能够启动、协调和更新行为。成功控制的核心在于抑制不再相关或不需要的行为的能力。在本文中，我们回顾了认知神经科学、分子遗传学和临床研究在理解人类大脑中反应抑制是如何介导方面所做的贡献。在第1节中，我们从神经干扰、神经功能障碍和药物成瘾的影响中探讨对抑制控制神经基础的见解。在第2节中，我们探讨了一系列相关过程（包括反应选择、工作记忆和注意力）中抑制机制的功能特异性。在第3节中，我们关注反应抑制对理解灵活行为的贡献，包括学习和个体差异的影响。最后，在第4节中，我们针对未来研究抑制的神经基础提出了一系列技术和概念目标。
