Nitsch-Osuch Aneta, Brydak Lidia B, Wardyn Andrzej K
Department of Family Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.
Pol Merkur Lekarski. 2008 Jul;25(145):67-73.
Influenza is an acute infectious disease which may cause spectacular health, social and economic effects. Influenza may be prevented and treated in a sufficient way. The paper presents general rules of usage of current antiviral drugs--neuraminidase inhibitors--in prophylaxis and treatment of seasonal, avian and pandemic influenza. The paper describes mechanism of action of neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir and zanamivir), their main pharmacokinetic features, dosing and side effects. There was emphasized the necessity of the early introduction of treatment with neuraminidase inhibitors (36-48 hours after first symptoms) and the short duration of treatment (5 days). It is also discussed the role of neuraminidase inhibitors in the clinical management of avian influenza (H5N1) and their role in fighting with a pandemic disease.
流感是一种急性传染病，可能会造成严重的健康、社会和经济影响。流感可以得到充分的预防和治疗。本文介绍了当前抗病毒药物——神经氨酸酶抑制剂——在季节性流感、禽流感和大流行性流感的预防和治疗中的一般使用规则。本文描述了神经氨酸酶抑制剂（奥司他韦和扎那米韦）的作用机制、它们的主要药代动力学特征、给药方法和副作用。文中强调了尽早（出现首发症状后36至48小时）使用神经氨酸酶抑制剂进行治疗的必要性以及治疗疗程较短（5天）。还讨论了神经氨酸酶抑制剂在禽流感（H5N1）临床管理中的作用及其在抗击大流行性疾病中的作用。
