Macken Ailbhe, Giltrap Michelle, Foley Barry, McGovern Evin, McHugh Brendan, Davoren Maria
Radiation and Environmental Science Centre, Focas Institute, Dublin Institute of Technology, Kevin St., Dublin 8, Ireland.
Environ Int. 2009 Jan;35(1):98-106. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2008.08.013. Epub 2008 Oct 8.
An integrated approach to the ecotoxicological assessment of Irish marine sediments was carried out between 2004 and 2007. Phase I Toxicity Identification Evaluation (TIE) of sediment porewaters from two sites on the east coast of Ireland were conducted. Initial Tier I screening of three Irish sites identified the need for TIE after significant toxicity was observed with Tisbe battagliai and the Microtox assay at two of the assayed sites (Alexandra Basin and Dunmore East). Porewaters classified as toxic were characterised using four manipulations, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) chelation, sodium thiosulphate addition, C(18) Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) and Cation Exchange (CE) SPE. Prior to initial testing, and TIE manipulations, all porewater samples were frozen at -20 degrees C for several months until required. After initial Tier I testing Alexandra Basin porewater was classified as highly toxic by both assays while Dunmore East porewater only warranted a TIE with T. battagliai. Results of TIE manipulations for Alexandra Basin porewater and the Microtox Basic test were inconclusive. The toxicity of the porewater in this assay was significantly reduced after freezing. Three experimental episodes were conducted with one month between each for the Alexandra Basin porewater. After each month of freezing the baseline toxicity was further reduced in the Microtox assay, therefore it was not possible to draw accurate conclusions on the nature of the active contaminants in the sample. However, toxicity to T. battalgiai did not change after storage of the porewater. The C(18) and CE SPE decreased the toxicity of Alexandra Basin porewater to the copepod indicating that both organic and cationic compounds (e.g. metals) were active in the sample. Dunmore East porewater was assayed with T. battalgiai and again a combination of organic and inorganic compounds were found to be partly responsible for the observed toxicity (C(18), CE SPE and EDTA reduced toxicity). Results from these TIEs provide insight into the complexity of interpreting marine TIE data from porewater studies where mixtures of unknown substances are present.
2004年至2007年期间，对爱尔兰海洋沉积物进行了生态毒理学评估的综合研究。对爱尔兰东海岸两个地点的沉积物孔隙水进行了第一阶段毒性鉴定评估（TIE）。对爱尔兰三个地点进行的初始一级筛选发现，在两个检测地点（亚历山德拉盆地和邓莫尔东），用巴氏哲水蚤和微毒性试验观察到显著毒性后，有必要进行TIE。对分类为有毒的孔隙水进行了四种处理表征，即乙二胺四乙酸（EDTA）螯合、添加硫代硫酸钠、C(18) 固相萃取（SPE）和阳离子交换（CE）SPE。在初始测试和TIE处理之前，所有孔隙水样品均在-20摄氏度下冷冻数月，直至需要使用。经过初始一级测试后，两种试验均将亚历山德拉盆地的孔隙水分类为剧毒，而邓莫尔东的孔隙水仅需要对巴氏哲水蚤进行TIE。亚历山德拉盆地孔隙水和微毒性基本测试的TIE处理结果尚无定论。在该试验中，孔隙水冷冻后毒性显著降低。对亚历山德拉盆地孔隙水进行了三个实验阶段，每个阶段间隔一个月。每次冷冻一个月后，微毒性试验中的基线毒性进一步降低，因此无法就样品中活性污染物的性质得出准确结论。然而，孔隙水储存后对巴氏哲水蚤的毒性没有变化。C(18) 和CE SPE降低了亚历山德拉盆地孔隙水对桡足类的毒性，表明有机和阳离子化合物（如金属）在样品中具有活性。用巴氏哲水蚤对邓莫尔东的孔隙水进行了检测，再次发现有机和无机化合物的组合是观察到的毒性的部分原因（C(18)、CE SPE和EDTA降低了毒性）。这些TIE的结果揭示了在存在未知物质混合物的孔隙水研究中解释海洋TIE数据的复杂性。
