Smith William J
Research Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010-5400, United States.
Toxicology. 2009 Sep 1;263(1):70-3. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2008.09.012. Epub 2008 Sep 21.
For the past 15 years the international research community has conducted a basic and applied research program aimed at identifying a medical countermeasure against chemical threat vesicant, or blistering, agents. The primary emphasis of this program has been the development of therapeutic protection against sulfur mustard and its cutaneous pathology-blister formation. In addition to the work on a medical countermeasures, significant research has been conducted on the development of topical skin protectants and medical strategies for wound healing. This review will focus on the pharmacological strategies investigated, novel therapeutic targets currently under investigation and therapeutic approaches being considered for transition to advanced development. Additionally, we will review the expansion of our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of mustard injury that has come from this research. While great strides have been made through these investigations, the complexity of the mustard insult demands that further studies extend the inroads made and point the way toward better understanding of cellular and tissue disruptions caused by sulfur mustard.
在过去15年里，国际研究界开展了一项基础与应用研究项目，旨在确定针对化学威胁性糜烂剂或起泡剂的医学应对措施。该项目的主要重点是开发针对芥子气及其皮肤病理——水泡形成的治疗性防护。除了医学应对措施方面的工作，还在局部皮肤保护剂的开发以及伤口愈合的医学策略方面开展了大量研究。本综述将聚焦于所研究的药理学策略、目前正在研究的新型治疗靶点以及正在考虑向高级研发阶段过渡的治疗方法。此外，我们还将回顾源于这项研究的对芥子气损伤病理生理机制认识的扩展。虽然通过这些研究已经取得了很大进展，但芥子气损伤的复杂性要求进一步的研究扩大已取得的进展，并为更好地理解芥子气造成的细胞和组织破坏指明方向。
