da Costa Juvenal Soares Dias, Reis Mauri Caldeira, Silveira Filho Claudio Viana, Linhares Rogério da Silva, Piccinini Fábio
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, São Leopoldo, RS, Brasil.
Rev Saude Publica. 2008 Dec;42(6):1074-84. doi: 10.1590/s0034-89102008005000060. Epub 2008 Oct 9.
To estimate the prevalence of visiting doctors and to analyze associated factors.
Cross-sectional, population-based study performed in the city of Pelotas, Southern Brazil, between December 1999 and April 2000. A total of 1,962 individuals of both sexes, aged between 20 and 69 years and living in the urban area were included in this study. Data were collected with standardized, pre-coded questionnaires. The outcome "visited doctor during the 12 months prior to interview" was analyzed with socioeconomic and demographic factors, presence of chronic diseases and psychiatric disorders, nutritional status, smoking, alcohol consumption, and hospitalizations in the year prior to interview. Poisson regression was used, according to a hierarchical model, controlled by confounding variables, and considering a significance level of <0.05.
Among interviewees, 1,395 (70.9%) had visited a doctor in the period analyzed. Multivariate analysis among men revealed that individuals who showed higher prevalences of medical visits had a per capita family income higher than 10 minimum wages per month, were over 60 years of age, suffered from diabetes mellitus, had a body mass index equal to or above 25 kg/m(2), and had been hospitalized. Women who had a per capita family income higher than six minimum wages per month, were over 60 years of age, white and non-smokers, suffered from hypertension and diabetes, and had been hospitalized showed higher outcome prevalences.
Health inequalities were identified in relation to ethnicity and family income. In addition, there was high prevalence of medical visits, especially among individuals who were older and suffered from certain chronic, non-communicable diseases.
评估看医生的患病率并分析相关因素。
1999年12月至2000年4月在巴西南部佩洛塔斯市进行的一项基于人群的横断面研究。本研究纳入了1962名年龄在20至69岁之间、居住在市区的男女个体。通过标准化的预编码问卷收集数据。对“在访谈前12个月内看过医生”这一结果，分析了社会经济和人口统计学因素、慢性病和精神疾病的存在情况、营养状况、吸烟、饮酒以及访谈前一年的住院情况。根据分层模型，使用泊松回归，由混杂变量控制，并考虑显著性水平<0.05。
在受访者中，1395人（70.9%）在分析期间看过医生。男性的多变量分析显示，看医生患病率较高的个体家庭人均收入高于每月10个最低工资，年龄超过60岁，患有糖尿病，体重指数等于或高于25 kg/m²，并且住过院。家庭人均收入高于每月6个最低工资、年龄超过60岁、白人且不吸烟、患有高血压和糖尿病并且住过院的女性显示出较高的结果患病率。
在种族和家庭收入方面发现了健康不平等现象。此外，看医生的患病率较高，尤其是在老年人和患有某些慢性非传染性疾病的个体中。
