Silversides F G, Crawford R D
Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
Poult Sci. 1991 Jun;70(6):1306-13. doi: 10.3382/ps.0701306.
Gross phenotypic observations, histology, and tissue culture showed that the gene for sex-linked imperfect albinism that occurred at the University of Saskatchewan (Sal-s), allows a small amount of melanin pigment to be deposited in eyes and feathers. Melanin pigment accumulates in retinal pigment epithelial and cultured neural crest cells, but neural crest cells pigmenting the feathers transfer their pigment as it is produced, and this is seen as a constant amount of color in successive generations of feathers. Despite differences from early reports, it would appear that the phenotype produced by Sal-s is essentially the same as that produced by other Sal mutations. Albinos have a high incidence of lesions in the regions of the navel, the hocks, and the nares, similar to those associated with other hypomelanic mutations in the chicken. Yolk contents appear to be used more slowly by albinos late in incubation. The increased size of the yolk sacs probably contributes directly to producing the navel lesions and indirectly to variation in hatch weight. Albinos have small bursae of Fabricius, reduced hatchability, and early growth.
大体表型观察、组织学和组织培养表明，萨斯喀彻温大学出现的性连锁不完全白化病基因（Sal-s），允许少量黑色素沉积在眼睛和羽毛中。黑色素在视网膜色素上皮细胞和培养的神经嵴细胞中积累，但为羽毛着色的神经嵴细胞会随着色素的产生而转移色素，这在连续几代羽毛中表现为恒定的颜色量。尽管与早期报告存在差异，但Sal-s产生的表型似乎与其他Sal突变产生的表型基本相同。白化鸡在肚脐、跗关节和鼻孔区域有较高的病变发生率，这与鸡的其他低黑色素突变有关。孵化后期，白化鸡似乎更缓慢地利用卵黄内容物。卵黄囊大小的增加可能直接导致肚脐病变，间接导致孵化体重的变化。白化鸡的法氏囊较小，孵化率降低，生长早期发育缓慢。
