Mathematical model of cellular basis for the respiratory sinus arrhythmia.

The respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is a vagally mediated oscillation in cardiac cycle length at the frequency of breathing. We developed a mathematical model that predicted the temporal and frequency dependence of the RSA. We used the mathematical model to examine the underlying cellular basis for the RSA at the level of the sinus node. We alternated efferent vagal activity between a low and a high frequency at the frequency of breathing. This oscillation caused the rate of acetylcholine (ACh) release to oscillate between a low and a high rate at the frequency of breathing. ACh degradation followed linear pharmacokinetics for physiological concentrations of ACh. Therefore, the concentration of ACh in neuroeffector junctions of the sinus node oscillated at the frequency of breathing. Membrane potential responded rapidly to changes in the concentration of ACh relative to the rate of ACh degradation. Thus, the time course of the RSA depended on the rate of ACh degradation. Membrane potential oscillated at several integer multiples of frequency of breathing and at various higher frequencies, which were integer multiples of the frequency of breathing and the frequencies of firing of the sinus node. However, computing cardiac cycle length from membrane potential eliminated the higher frequencies. Therefore, cardiac cycle length oscillated at several integer multiples of the frequency of breathing, but not at these higher frequencies.