Lovis L, Frutschi Mascher V, Gern L, Betschart B, Zinsstag J
Institut de Biologie, Université de Neuchâtel, Bâle, Switzerland.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd. 2008 Sep;150(9):457-65. doi: 10.1024/0036-7281.150.9.457.
During summer 2005, a survey of 172 farmers from the Canton Jura was carried out to determine their perception of the nuisances caused by insects and ticks to cattle. The presence of ticks was significantly more often spontaneously mentioned by farmers in the Clos-du-Doubs and in the district of Delémont (95% and 72%, respectively) than in Ajoie and in the Franches-Montagnes (29% and 19%, respectively, p < 0.0001). 20% of the farmers perceived the tick populations to be increasing. The following diseases were spontaneously listed: keratoconjunctivitis (59%), mastitis related to flies (31%), hypodermosis (15%), ehrlichiosis (12%) and babesiosis (10%). Suspicion of ehrlichiosis was significantly more often mentioned in the district of Delémont than in the rest of the canton (p < 0.001) which was associated with the presence of ticks observed by farmers (p < 0.001). Cases of clinical babesiosis, which is common in the Clos_du_Doubs, were mentioned by farmers outside this area: Delémont (3/57) and Ajoie (1/26). In this study babesiosis depends on the production area, on the presence of ticks observed by farmers and on the presence of water in the pasture (p < 0.05). This study shows that cattle farmers are well aware of the presence of the diseases linked to insects and ticks and that the perception of their distribution is in accordance with the epidemiological data. An overview of the epidemiology of tick- and insect-related diseases can therefore be established by surveying farmers' perception, but should then be confirmed by a biomedical study. Due to their accurate observations, farmers are key participants at the first level of surveillance systems of animal diseases.
2005年夏季，对汝拉州的172名农民进行了一项调查，以确定他们对昆虫和蜱给牛造成滋扰的认知。与阿茹瓦和弗朗什-孔泰地区（分别为29%和19%，p<0.0001）相比，多布河谷和德莱蒙地区的农民自发提及蜱存在的情况明显更为频繁（分别为95%和72%）。20%的农民认为蜱的数量在增加。农民自发列出了以下疾病：角膜结膜炎（59%）、与苍蝇相关的乳腺炎（31%）、皮蝇疽（15%）、埃立克体病（12%）和巴贝斯虫病（10%）。德莱蒙地区提及疑似埃立克体病的情况明显多于该州其他地区（p<0.001），这与农民观察到的蜱的存在情况有关（p<0.001）。多布河谷常见的临床巴贝斯虫病病例，在该地区以外的农民中也有提及：德莱蒙（3/57）和阿茹瓦（1/26）。在本研究中，巴贝斯虫病取决于产地、农民观察到的蜱的存在情况以及牧场中的水源情况（p<0.05）。这项研究表明，养牛农民充分意识到与昆虫和蜱相关疾病的存在，并且他们对这些疾病分布的认知与流行病学数据相符。因此，通过调查农民的认知情况可以建立蜱和昆虫相关疾病的流行病学概况，但随后应通过生物医学研究加以证实。由于农民的观察准确，他们是动物疾病监测系统一级的关键参与者。
